Digital Sufism: Naqshbandi Haqqani and the Transformation of Contemporary Ṭarīqa
Abstract
The rapid advancement of digital technology, shifting patterns of religiosity, and changing forms of religious authority have transformed how Muslims access, experience, and practice Sufism, compelling Sufi orders to adapt to contemporary contexts. This article examines the transformation of the Haqqani Naqshbandi Order in response to the dynamics of digital Sufism, spiritual practice, religious authority, and urban religiosity. The study employs an integrative literature review by analyzing academic publications indexed in Scopus, Sinta, and Google Scholar, together with relevant books and digital sources. The findings reveal that the Haqqani Naqshbandi Order recontextualizes classical Sufi teachings through digital platforms, simplified membership participation, and the promotion of mahabbah as a universal spiritual value. These transformations have fostered a socially adaptive model of Sufism capable of addressing urban life, globalization, and shifting religious authority. This article contributes by mapping the recontextualization of spiritual authority, religious practices, and communal engagement within the digital sphere
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/esoterik.v12i1.35660
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