Open Journal Systems
The Role of Khalwat as a Coping Mechanism for Stress Among Kudus Mountaineers
Abstract
Some climbers specifically intend to do khalwat through climbing. Khalwat is solitude to get closer to God. Climbers who do this hope to be able to avoid bad things, get closer to goodness, and get closer to God as a way out of the stress they experience. The purpose of this study was to determine the form or behavior of khalwat and to see the role of khalwat in the stress coping process carried out by mountaineer in Kudus Regency. The determination of the participants in this study used a purposive sampling technique with a qualitative phenomenological approach and data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews with four participants in July 2024. From the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the form of khalwat carried out by each respondent is different. Respondents carry out khalwat behaviour by being alone, filling their time with positive things and avoiding negative things, and praying. Solitude (khalwat) when climbing a mountain can be used as a stress coping. This is based on the output or impact that participants feel after doing solitude on the mountain. Seclusion helps the mountain climbing process to make it easier to find peace, alleviate problems, and increase the spirituality of climbers.
Keywords
References
A Smith, J., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2012). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. SAGE.
Abdullah, F. (2018). Spiritualitas Sosial Tarekat Naqsabandiyah: Kajian terhadap Prinsip Khalwat Dar Anjuman. Tsaqafah, 14(2), 223. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v14i2.2341
Afifah, S. (2019). Flow Experience Pada Muslimah Pendaki Gunung. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 5(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v5i2.4099
Agha, S. (2021). Mental well-being and association of the four factors coping structure model: A perspective of people living in lockdown during COVID-19. Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100605
Aini, P. F., & Rosyad, R. (2019). Khalwat dalam mengendalikan emosi. Jurnal Studi Psikoterapi Sufistik,. Syifa Al-Qulub 3, 2(Januari)(Januari), 53–64.
Alansyah, M., K.K, R. H. M., Hayati, A., & Respati, R. D. (2019). Pengaruh Konten Video Atap Negeri Gunung Rinjani Pada Channel Youtube Fiersa Besari Terhadap Minat Berkunjung Wisatawan Ke Taman Nasional Gunung Rinjani Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat. WisataMuh (Journal of Tourism), 3(X), 1–9.
Amrullah, M. G., & Ibrahim, M. (2021). Sakinah Family Establishment in The Modern Era from The Perspectives of Hamka and Quraish Shihab. Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum, 9(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-mazaahib.v9i2.2388
Arabi, I. (2005). Risalah Kemesraan (1st ed.). Serambi Ilmu Semesta.
Arnout, B. A. (2020). A structural equation model relating unemployment stress, spiritual intelligence, and mental health components: Mediators of coping mechanism. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2025
ASDP. (2024). “The Role of Khalwat as a Coping Mechanism for Stress Among Kudus Mountaineers” Interview ASDP.
Atika, S., & Wardani, L. M. I. (2021). Core Self Evaluation And Coping Stress. NEM.
Azhari, A., Saputra, H., Jamilah, J., & Barizi, A. (2023). The education concept from the perspective of K.H. Muhammad Zaini bin Abdul Ghani and its relevance to contemporary islamic education. IJISH (International Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities), 6(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.26555/ijish.v6i2.8692
Babakhani, B., Ardalan, E. B., & Seraj, S. A. (2017). Comparing the Position of Faith in the Ideas of Kierkegaard and Ibn Arabi with Emphasis on the Meccan Revelations. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(2), 636. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i2.874
Basri Junaidin, Sulaiman Husnan, Z. A. . (2024). Riyadhah Sebagai Model Alternatif Pembinaan Akhlak Junaidin Basri STAI Al-Musaddadiyah Garut , Jawa Barat Indonesia Husnan Sulaiman STAI Al-Musaddadiyah Garut , Jawa Barat Indonesia Ade Zaenul Mutaqin S2 Institut Agama Islam Tasikmalaya , Jawa Barat , Ind. 18(4), 2900–2909.
Bassar, A. S., & Hasanah, A. (2020). Riyadhah: The model of the character education based on sufistic counseling. Journal of Advanced Guidance and Counseling, 1(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.21580/jagc.2020.1.1.5763
Budimir, S., Probst, T., & Pieh, C. (2021). Coping strategies and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Mental Health, 30(2), 156–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2021.1875412
Budiyanto, B., & Hasan, M. (2022). Kontekstualisasi Dan Relevansi Uzlah Di Era Globalisasi Dalam Pandangan Ulama’. As-Syifa: Journal of Islamic Studies and History, 1(2), 137–159. https://doi.org/10.35132/assyifa.v1i2.267
Chong, L. T., Chong, M. C., Tang, L. Y., Ramoo, V., Chui, P. L., & Hmwe, N. T. T. (2019). The Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Religious Practices and Coping in Malaysian Parents of Children with Thalassemia. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 48, e15–e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2019.05.016
Duits, R. (2020). Mountaineering, Myth and the Meaning of Life: psychoanalysing alpinism. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 47(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2020.1715227
Dunn, K. S., & Robinson-Lane, S. G. (2020). A Philosophical Analysis of Spiritual Coping. Advances in Nursing Science, 43(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000323
ERTAŞ, M. (2022). Examining Mountaineering as an Outdoor Leisure Activity: A Qualitative Study. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 5(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1017301
Faliyandra, F. (2019). Konsep Kecerdasan Sosial Goleman Dalam Perspektif Islam (Sebuah Kajian Analisis Psikologi Islam). Jurnal Inteligensia, 7(2), 2–4.
Fitri, D. P., & Budianto, T. (2022). Terapi muhasabah dalam syair Jalaluddin Rumi. EAIC: Esoterik Annual International Conferences, 1(1), 238–252.
Fteiha, M., & Awwad, N. (2020). Emotional intelligence and its relationship with stress coping style. Health Psychology Open, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102920970416
Galiakbarov, Y., Mazbayev, O., Mutaliyeva, L., Filimonau, V., & Sezerel, H. (2024). When the mountains call: Exploring mountaineering motivations through the lens of the calling theory. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 45(February), 100743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100743
Gautam, P. (2023). Mountaineering Chronicles: Exploring Climbers’ Experiences on the Ascents of Mount Everest and Mount Annapurna. Mindscape: A Journal of English & Cultural Studies, 2(1), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.3126/mjecs.v2i1.61688
Gautam, P. (2024). Ascending the Heights : Exploring Self-Discovery and Personal Transformation through the Narratives of Mountaineering. 3(1).
Graça, L., & Brandão, T. (2024). Religious/Spiritual Coping, Emotion Regulation, Psychological Well-Being, and Life Satisfaction among University Students. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 52(3), 342–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231223920
Hajam, & Saumantri, T. (2023). Concept of God, Humanity and Insan Kamil: Hall Al-Rumuz Wa Mafatih Al-Kunuz Manuscript of Ibn ‘Arabi. In Al-A’raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam dan Filsafat (Vol. 20, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpif.v20i1.7612
Ibn Arabi, S. A. (2005). Risalah Kemesraan. PT Serambi Ilmu Semesta.
Ismail, S. Z., & Mat, M. Z. A. (2016). Faith and freedom: The Qur’anic notion of freedom of religion vs. the act of changing religion and thoughts on the implications for Malaysia. Religions, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel7070088
Jackman, P. C., Hawkins, R. M., Burke, S. M., Swann, C., & Crust, L. (2020). The psychology of mountaineering: a systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(1), 27–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2020.1824242
Kharsynniang, H. (2023). Religiousness As Stress Coping: A Relational Analysis. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 12(11). https://doi.org/http://ijmer.in.doi./2023/12.11.31
Lailatul Izzah. (2022). Pengaruh Khalwat Tareqat Naqsabandiyah Terhadap Emotional Control dan Kualitas Ibadah pada Santri di Ponpes Darus Shofa Kandis. Nathiqiyyah, 5(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.46781/nathiqiyyah.v5i2.579
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Apprasial, and Coping. Springer Publishing Company New York.
Listopad, I. W., Michaelsen, M. M., Werdecker, L., & Esch, T. (2021). Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(December), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722862
Lundmark, M. (2015). Religious Objects and the Coping Process. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 37(1), 54–83. https://doi.org/10.1163/15736121-12341301
Mahfudhoh, L., Raharjo, S., & Yunus, M. (2021). Respon Penurunan Depresi Pandemi Covid-19 Setelah Melakukan Olahraga Rekreasi Mendaki Gunung. Sport Science and Health, 3(11), 901–908. https://doi.org/10.17977/um062v3i112021p901-908
March, A. F. (2009). New York Law School Islamic Law and Law of the Muslim World Research Paper Series Paper No . 09-78 ~ and ~ Yale University Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series Paper No . 208 Islamic Legal Theory , Secularism and Religious Pluralism : Is Modern. In Islam Zeitschrift Für Geschichte Und Kultur Des Islamischen Orients (Issue 09).
Martin, L., White, M. P., Hunt, A., Richardson, M., Pahl, S., & Burt, J. (2020). Nature contact, nature connectedness and associations with health, wellbeing and pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 68(February 2019), 101389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101389
MHTA. (2024). “The Role of Khalwat as a Coping Mechanism for Stress Among Kudus Mountaineers” Interview MHTA.
Milner, K., Crawford, P., Edgley, A., Hare-Duke, L., & Slade, M. (2020). The experiences of spirituality among adults with mental health difficulties: a qualitative systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000234
Moh. Bakir, A. M. (2019). Relasi Syari’at Dan Hakikat Perspektif Al-Ghazālī (pp. 194–214).
Muhamad Basyrul Muvid, N. K. (2024). Contribution Of Sufism Trilogy In The Formation Of Religious Behavior: A Proposed Model. Cogito – Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 5(4), 29–53.
Munji, A., & Çeyhan, S. (2018). Ibn ‘Arabi’s Influence on Ottoman Sufism in Üftade’s Views. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 26(2), 269. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.26.2.3178
Muqit, A. (2020). Makna Zuhud Dalam Kehidupan Prespektif Tafsir Al- Qur ’ an. 1(2).
Muzayanah, F. (2021). Integrasi Konsep Tasawuf-Syariat Syaikh Abdul Qadir Al_Jailani (Qutubul Auliya). 7(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.47776/mozaic.v7i
Naor, L., & Mayseless, O. (2020). The Wilderness Solo Experience: A Unique Practice of Silence and Solitude for Personal Growth. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(September), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.547067
Nur Laili, A., Santosa, B., Yusri, F., Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling, P., & Islam Negeri Sjech Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi, U. M. (2023). Hubungan Tingkat Religiusitas dengan Kemampuan Coping Stress Siswa di SMAN 2 Payakumbuh. Concept: Journal of Social Humanities and Education, 2(4), 1–17.
PAS. (2024). “The Role of Khalwat as a Coping Mechanism for Stress Among Kudus Mountaineers” Interview PAS.
Prastowo, F. R., & Rasyid, A. H. Al. (2019). Nasionalisme di Puncak Gunung : Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 8(2), 113–126.
Prastyo, F. A., & Nawawi, N. (2023). Prinsip Kesadaran Moral Persepsi Islam. JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan), 7(1), 413–416. https://doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v7i1.4301
Putranto, D. R., Hariyanto, & Benardi, A. I. (2020). Perilaku Pendaki Gunung Dalam Mengurangi Kerusakan Lingkungan Yang Terjadi Di Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu. Edu Geo, 8(2), 121–129.
Putri, M. E., As-shidqi, M. H., & Febriyani, R. (2023). Khalwat as a Therapy in Improving Mental Health , as an Effort to Overcome Drug Abuse.
Rahmajati, E. (2021). Gambaran fase exhausted pada Mahasiswa yang Melakukan Kuliah Daring: Telaah General Adaptation Syndrome. Esoterik : Jurnal Akhlak Dan Tasawuf, 7(1).
Rahman, F. A., Kristiyanto, A., & Sugiyanto, S. (2017). Motif, Motivasi, Dan Manfaat Aktivitaspendakian Gunung Sebagai Olahraga Rekreasi Masyarakat. Multilateral Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v16i2.4251
Rahman, F. A., Sugiyanto, & Kristiyanto, A. (2018a). Mountaineering Physical Activities as Community Recreational Sports. Jurnal Pendidikan, 3, 398–405.
Rahman, F. A., Sugiyanto, S., & Kristiyanto, A. (2018b). Benefits Recreational Sports of Mountain Climbing for Physical Health, Psychology, Social, and Spiritual. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 5(5), 43. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i5.292
Rena, S. (2019). Mekanisme Respon Stres: Konseptualisasi Integrasi Islam Dan Barat. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 5(1), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.19109/Psikis.v5i1.3116
Reza, P. A. (2017). Panduan Dasar Mendaki Gunung. Badan SAR Nasional Kota Bandung.
Rikatyani, N. (2024). Keterkaitan Regulasi Emosi Dengan Self Efficacy: Kunci Keberhasilan Pendaki Gunung Pemula. Jiwa: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 1, 5–24.
Sari, J. F., & Haryati, A. (2023). Hubungan antara Religiusitas dengan Coping Stres pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Program Studi BKI di UINFAS Bengkulu. Bimbingan Dan Konseling Islam, 6(2), 1–16.
SC. (2024). “The Role of Khalwat as a Coping Mechanism for Stress Among Kudus Mountaineers” Interview SC.
Shaleh, A., & Islam, M. S. (2024). Averting the Existential Threat of the Planet: Islamic Environmental Ethics to Address the Contemporary Environmental Crisis. Intellectual Discourse, 32(1), 239–264. https://doi.org/10.31436/id.v32i1.1937
Sheng-Hshiung Tsaur, Chang-Hua Yen, S.-L. H. (2012). Transcendent Experience, Flow and Happiness for Mountaineer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, 113(November 2012), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr
Stanisławski, K. (2019). The coping circumplex model: An integrative model of the structure of coping with stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAR), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00694
Szcześniak, M., Kroplewski, Z., & Szałachowski, R. (2020). The mediating effect of coping strategies on religious/spiritual struggles and life satisfaction. Religions, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11040195
Wahyudi, M. A., & Bakri, S. (2021). Kontribusi Tasawuf dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19. Spiritual Healing: Jurnal Tasawuf Dan Psikoterapi, 1(2), 59–66.
Whitehead, B. R., & Bergeman, C. S. (2012). Coping with Daily Stress: Differential Role of Spiritual Experience on Daily Positive and Negative Affect. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(4), 456–459. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr136
Wirajaya, A. Y., Sudardi, B., Istadiyantha, & Warto. (2021). Eco-Sufism concept in Syair Nasihat as an alternative to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) policy in the environmental sector. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 905(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012081
Yusna, D. (2020). The Interaction Of Suluk/ Khalwat And Local Culture: Review of the books of Suluk and Khalwat. Majalah Ilmiah Tabuah: Ta`limat, Budaya, Agama Dan Humaniora, 24(1), 39–52.
Yusuf, S. M. (2020). Inter-subjectivity of Khalwat (suluk) members in the tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah Ponorogo. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v10i1.103-126
DOI: 10.21043/esoterik.v10i2.28791
