From Jihad Resolution to Religious Nationalism: The Role of Islamic Boarding Schools in Strengthening Indonesia’s National Spirit

Moh Fahsin, Abdul Karim, Sujadi Sujadi

Abstract


This study explores how Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Indonesia have evolved from the era of the 1945 Jihad Resolution to their present role in reinforcing religious nationalism. The research focuses on the ways of pesantren nurturinge the moral, intellectual, and patriotic character of Muslim communities. Using a qualitative descriptive approach supported by historical and literature-based analysis, this study examineds key documents and academic works related to the Jihad Resolution and the development of Islamic education. The results indicated that pesantren were not only active in the struggle for independence through the mobilization of santri and kyai, but also cultivated a spiritual form of nationalism that tied religious devotion to love of the homeland. This legacy later developed into a model of religious nationalism that promotes moderation, pluralism, and civic ethics. Overall, pesantren remain essential institutions in preserving Indonesia’s national identity and social harmony amid contemporary challenges.

Keywords


Jihad Resolution, Nationalism, Nasional Spirit, Pesantren, Religious Nationalism

Full Text:

PDF

References


Amrullah, M. (2023). The Role of Pesantren in Developing Students’ National Identity and Civic Values. Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 18(1), 55–74.

Bulhayat. (2025). Transformasi Pendidikan Islam di Pesantren : Mempertahankan Identitas di Era Globalisasi. Al Mikraj: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 6(1), 576–594. https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v6i1.7864

Enhas, M. I. G., Zahara, A. N., & Basri, B. (2023). Sejarah, Transformasi, dan Adaptasi Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Jurnal Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Keislaman, 13(3), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.33367/ji.v13i3.4457

Fadhli, M. R., & Hidayat, B. (2018). KH. Hasyim asy’ari dan resolusi jihad dalam usaha mempertahankan kemerdekaan indonesia tahun 1945. Swarnadwipa, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.24127/sd.v2i1.762

Fajrul, M., Ulin, A., Muklason, A., Agustiawan, Y., Nuha, U., Muklason, A., & Agustiawan, Y. (2024). ^ ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ŝƌĞĐƚ ^ ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ŝƌĞĐƚ ScienceDirect Enhancing Administrative Efficiency in Pondok Pesantren : Enhancing Administrative Efficiency in Pondok Pesantren : Exploring the Acceptance of E-Santren App System for Exploring the Acceptance of E-Santren App System for Administrative Tasks Administrative Tasks. Procedia Computer Science, 234, 795–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.03.096

Febriansyah, B. A., Manando, I., & Kusuma, A. W. (2024). Politik Identitas Di Indonesia: Antara Nasionalisme Dan Agama. Viva Themis Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.24967/vt.v6i1.2769

Fuad, A. M. (2022). Agama, Kiai, dan Nasionalisme. Al-Mizan, 18(2), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.30603/am.v18i2.3490

Hamid, A. (2018). Peranan Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Penguatan Nasionalisme Di IndoneSIA. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 15(1), 19–41. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2018.151-02

Hanafi, Y., Taufiq, A., Saefi, M., Ikhsan, M. A., Nur, T., Thoriquttyas, T., & Khoirul, F. (2021). Heliyon The new identity of Indonesian Islamic boarding schools in the “ new normal ” : the education leadership response to COVID-19. Heliyon, 7(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06549

Ismail, H. (2025). Relevansi Konsep Hukum Islam dalam Menyikapi Isu-Isu Sosial Kontemporer: Sebuah Tantangan Moderasi Beragama. Moderasi : Journal of Islamic Studies, 5(1), 259–278. https://doi.org/10.54471/moderasi.v5i1.100

Manshur, F. M. (2020). Typical literary works of pesantren on righteousness teaching within cultural transformation. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 11(4), 114–148.

Masykuri, A., & Naim, A. (2024). Pesantren, Nationalism, and Character Education in Contemporary Indonesia. Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 19(1), 101–120.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2019). Qualitative data analysis, A methods sourcebook (fourth). Arizona State University.

Mulyaningsih, J., & Hamidah, D. N. (2018). Laskar Santri Pejuang NegeRI: Rekam Jejak Laskar Hizbullah dalam Pertempuran 10 November 1945 di Surabaya. Jurnal Tamaddun : Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Islam, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.24235/tamaddun.v6i2.3519

Naldi, H., Wita, G., Rahman, R., & Lionar, U. (2026). Social Sciences & Humanities Open Resilience-based leadership ecosystem in Islamic boarding schools : Evidence from an Indonesian pesantren. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 14(June), 103104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103104

Nurhajarini, D. R. (2018). Solidaritas dan Perjuangan Menegakkan KemerdeKaan: Nahdatul Ulama (NU) dalam Pertempuran di Surabaya pada Awal Kemerdekaan. Jantra, 13(2), 175–184.

Sadzali, A. (2020). Hubungan Agama dan Negara di Indonesia: Polemik dan Implikasinya dalam Pembentukan dan Perubahan Konstitusi. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 341–375. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.3.2.341-375

Sirojuddin, A., & Fathurrohman, A. (2022). Strengthening Religious Moderation Through Pesantren Education. Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 17(2), 245–264.

Stai, D., Muahmmad, S., Samba, S., & Barat, K. (2013). DALAM PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA Adnan Mahdi Abstract Pesantren is the oldest and unique educational institution which has Indonesian characteristics , therefore , many studies have been conducted from different perspectives , especially in the terms of peri. Jurnal ISLAMIC Review, II(1), 1–20.

Turhan, M., Mahfud, C., Sa, S. A. P. R., Reevany, M., & Tau, A. (2022). Heliyon Advancing the discourse of Muslim politics in Indonesia : A study on political orientation of Kiai as religious elites in Nahdlatul Ulama. Heliyon, 8(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12218

Ulum, M., & Wahid, A. (2019). Fikih Organisasi (Reaktualisasi Sejarah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) di Indonesia). Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 5(2), 54–75. https://doi.org/10.35309/alinsyiroh.v5i2.161

Zaluchu, Eli, S., Widodo, P., & Kriswanto, A. (2025). Social Sciences & Humanities Open Conceptual reconstruction of religious moderation in the Indonesian context based on previous research : Bibliometric analysis. Social Science & Humanities Open, 11(November 2024).

Amrullah, M. (2023). The Role of Pesantren in Developing Students’ National Identity and Civic Values. Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 18(1), 55–74.

Bulhayat. (2025). Transformasi Pendidikan Islam di Pesantren : Mempertahankan Identitas di Era Globalisasi. Al Mikraj: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 6(1), 576–594. https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v6i1.7864

Enhas, M. I. G., Zahara, A. N., & Basri, B. (2023). Sejarah, Transformasi, dan Adaptasi Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Jurnal Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Keislaman, 13(3), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.33367/ji.v13i3.4457

Fadhli, M. R., & Hidayat, B. (2018). KH. Hasyim Asy’ari dan resolusi jihad dalam usaha mempertahankan kemerdekaan indonesia tahun 1945. swarnadwipa, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.24127/sd.v2i1.762

Fajrul, M., Ulin, A., Muklason, A., Agustiawan, Y., Nuha, U., Muklason, A., & Agustiawan, Y. (2024). ^ ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ŝƌĞĐƚ ^ ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ŝƌĞĐƚ ScienceDirect Enhancing Administrative Efficiency in Pondok Pesantren : Enhancing Administrative Efficiency in Pondok Pesantren : Exploring the Acceptance of E-Santren App System for Exploring the Acceptance of E-Santren App System for Administrative Tasks Administrative Tasks. Procedia Computer Science, 234, 795–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.03.096

Febriansyah, B. A., Manando, I., & Kusuma, A. W. (2024). Politik Identitas Di Indonesia: Antara Nasionalisme Dan Agama. Viva Themis Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.24967/vt.v6i1.2769

Fuad, A. M. (2022). Agama, Kiai, dan Nasionalisme. Al-Mizan, 18(2), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.30603/am.v18i2.3490

Hamid, A. (2018). Peranan Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Penguatan Nasionalisme Di IndonesIA. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 15(1), 19–41. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2018.151-02

Hanafi, Y., Taufiq, A., Saefi, M., Ikhsan, M. A., Nur, T., Thoriquttyas, T., & Khoirul, F. (2021). Heliyon The new identity of Indonesian Islamic boarding schools in the “ new normal ” : the education leadership response to COVID-19. Heliyon, 7(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06549

Ismail, H. (2025). Relevansi Konsep Hukum Islam dalam Menyikapi Isu-Isu Sosial Kontemporer: Sebuah Tantangan Moderasi Beragama. Moderasi : Journal of Islamic Studies, 5(1), 259–278. https://doi.org/10.54471/moderasi.v5i1.100

Manshur, F. M. (2020). Typical literary works of pesantren on righteousness teaching within cultural transformation. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 11(4), 114–148.

Masykuri, A., & Naim, A. (2024). Pesantren, Nationalism, and Character Education in Contemporary Indonesia. Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 19(1), 101–120.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2019). Qualitative data analysis, A methods sourcebook (fourth). Arizona State University.

Mulyaningsih, J., & Hamidah, D. N. (2018). Laskar Santri Pejuang Negeri: Rekam Jejak Laskar Hizbullah dalam Pertempuran 10 November 1945 di Surabaya. Jurnal Tamaddun : Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Islam, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.24235/tamaddun.v6i2.3519

Naldi, H., Wita, G., Rahman, R., & Lionar, U. (2026). Social Sciences & Humanities Open Resilience-based leadership ecosystem in Islamic boarding schools : Evidence from an Indonesian pesantren. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 14(June), 103104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103104

Nurhajarini, D. R. (2018). Solidaritas dan Perjuangan Menegakkan KemerdeKaan: Nahdatul Ulama (NU) dalam Pertempuran di Surabaya pada Awal Kemerdekaan. Jantra, 13(2), 175–184.

Sadzali, A. (2020). Hubungan Agama dan Negara di Indonesia: Polemik dan Implikasinya dalam Pembentukan dan Perubahan Konstitusi. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 341–375. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.3.2.341-375

Sirojuddin, A., & Fathurrohman, A. (2022). Strengthening Religious Moderation Through Pesantren Education. Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 17(2), 245–264.

Stai, D., Muahmmad, S., Samba, S., & Barat, K. (2013). Dalam Pendidikan Di Indonesia Adnan Mahdi Abstract Pesantren is the oldest and unique educational institution which has Indonesian characteristics , therefore , many studies have been conducted from different perspectives , especially in the terms of peri. Jurnal ISLAMIC Review, II(1), 1–20.

Turhan, M., Mahfud, C., Sa, S. A. P. R., Reevany, M., & Tau, A. (2022). Heliyon Advancing the discourse of Muslim politics in Indonesia : A study on political orientation of Kiai as religious elites in Nahdlatul Ulama. Heliyon, 8(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12218

Ulum, M., & Wahid, A. (2019). Fikih Organisasi (Reaktualisasi Sejarah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) di Indonesia). Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 5(2), 54–75. https://doi.org/10.35309/alinsyiroh.v5i2.161

Zaluchu, Eli, S., Widodo, P., & Kriswanto, A. (2025). Social Sciences & Humanities Open Conceptual reconstruction of religious moderation in the Indonesian context based on previous research : Bibliometric analysis. Social Science & Humanities Open, 11(November 2024).




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v21i1.34927

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Indexed By:

http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/19.jpg http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/4.jpg http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/17.jpg http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/5.jpghttp://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/21.jpg   

 

Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam published by Islamic Religious Education Study Program, Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Kudus is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.