Gender Disparities and School Climate: Key Factors in Understanding Bullying on Islamic Junior High School Students

Munjiah Munjiah, Rahmat Aziz

Abstract


This study aimed to test two main hypotheses regarding bullying in schools. The first hypothesis was that male and female students significantly differed in bullying behavior. The second hypothesis was that school climate significantly influenced bullying. This article used a quantitative design to examine gender and school climate differences in student bullying behavior. Data were obtained through the scale of school climate and bullying. The subjects were 150 (75 males and 75 females) Islamic junior high school students in East Java. The data were analyzed using variance analysis and regression analysis. The results exhibited a difference between males and females in terms of bullying. School climate affected bullying, both overall and in every aspect. Among the five aspects of school climate tested, only student relations had a significant negative effect on bullying. This study indicates that student relations are crucial in bullying and recommends specific interventions to improve safety and inclusivity.


Keywords


Gender disparities, Islamic junior high school, school climate, students’ bullying

Full Text:

PDF

References


Akbari, B. A., & Siavas, T. (2015). Validation of the Illinois bullying scale in primary school students of Semnan, Iran. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 2015 July-Aug; 17(4): 178-85.

Alivernini, F. (2019). Measuring Bullying and Victimization Among Immigrant and Native Primary School Students: Evidence From Italy. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 37(2), 226–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282917732890

Atteberry-Ash, B., Walls, N. E., Kattari, S. K., & ... (2020). Forced sex among youth: Accrual of risk by gender identity, sexual orientation, mental health and bullying. Journal of LGBT …. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2019.1614131

Bacchini, D. (2021). The Impact of Personal Values, Gender Stereotypes, and School Climate on Homophobic Bullying: a Multilevel Analysis. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 18(3), 598–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00484-4

Barreto, M., Victor, C., Hammond, C., Eccles, A., Richins, M. T., & Qualter, P. (2021). Loneliness around the world: Age, gender, and cultural differences in loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2020.110066

Buonomo, I. (2020). The roles of work-life conflict and gender in the relationship between workplace bullying and personal burnout. A study on Italian school principals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238745

Chai, L. (2020). School bullying victimization and self-rated health and life satisfaction: The gendered buffering effect of educational expectations. Children and Youth Services Review, 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105252

Cohen, J., Mccabe, E. M., Michelli, N. M., & Pickeral, T. (2009). School Climate: Research, Policy, Practice, and Teacher Education. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, 111(1), 180–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810911100108

Cui, K. (2021). School Climate, Bystanders’ Responses, and Bullying Perpetration in the Context of Rural-to-Urban Migration in China. Deviant Behavior, 42(11), 1416–1435. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2020.1752601

Deborah Ragin, J. K. (2020). Handbook of Research Methods in Health Psychology. In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Psychology (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429488320

Ding, Y. (2020). Profiles of adolescent traditional and cyber bullying and victimization: The role of demographic, individual, family, school, and peer factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106439

Fitria, A. (2017). Prevensi Bullying Siswa Dyslexia Dalam Praktiknya Di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. Edukasia : Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 165. https://doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v12i1.1926

Gaffney, H. (2019). Examining the Effectiveness of School-Bullying Intervention Programs Globally: a Meta-analysis. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 1(1), 14–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-019-0007-4

Goodwin, J. (2019). Bullying in Schools: An Evaluation of the Use of Drama in Bullying Prevention. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 14(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/15401383.2019.1623147

Grazia, V., & Molinari, L. (2020). School climate research: Italian adaptation and validation of a multidimensional school climate questionnaire. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 39(3), 286–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282920967141

Hamel, N., Schwab, S., & Wahl, S. (2021). Bullying: Group differences of being victim and being bully and the influence of social relations. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100964

Horton, P. (2019). The bullied boy: masculinity, embodiment, and the gendered social-ecology of Vietnamese school bullying. Gender and Education, 31(3), 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2018.1458076

Horton, P. (2020). Reframing school bullying: The question of power and its analytical implications. Power and Education, 12(2), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757743819884955

Jain, S. (2018). School climate and physical adolescent relationship abuse: Differences by sex, socioeconomic status, and bullying. Journal of Adolescence, 66, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.001

Košir, K. (2020). Predictors of self-reported and peer-reported victimization and bullying behavior in early adolescents: the role of school, classroom, and individual factors. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 35(2), 381–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-019-00430-y

Li, L. (2020). Bullying victimization, school belonging, academic engagement and achievement in adolescents in rural China: A serial mediation model. Children and Youth Services Review, 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104946

Lu, L. (2020). Childhood trauma and suicidal ideation among Chinese university students: The mediating effect of Internet addiction and school bullying victimisation. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796020000682

Marengo, D. (2021). Student-teacher conflict moderates the link between students’ social status in the classroom and involvement in bullying behaviors and exposure to peer victimization. Journal of Adolescence, 87, 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.01.005

Mennicke, A. (2021). Sexual Minority High School Boys’ and Girls’ Risk of Sexual Harassment, Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Bullying. Violence Against Women, 27(9), 1361–1378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801220937811

Norman, J. O. (2020). Tackling Bullying from the Inside Out: Shifting Paradigms in Bullying Research and Interventions: UNESCO Chair on Tackling Bullying in Schools and Cyberspace, Inaugural Lecture delivered on 7th October 2019 at Dublin City University. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 2(3), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-020-00076-1

Pontes, N. (2018). Trends in bullying victimization by gender among U.S. high school students. Research in Nursing and Health, 41(3), 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21868

Raitanen, J. (2019). The bullying-school shooting nexus: Bridging master narratives of mass violence with personal narratives of social exclusion. Deviant Behavior, 40(1), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1411044

Ringdal, R. (2020). Social support, bullying, school-related stress and mental health in adolescence. Nordic Psychology, 72(4), 313–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2019.1710240

Rohmat, N. F., & Widiyanto, A. (2020). Gender, Non-Violence and Character Education: Contextualising Raden Adjeng Kartini’s Thoughts in Reconstructing Islamic Education. Edukasia : Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 15(2), 277. https://doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v15i2.7409

Russell, S. T., Day, J. K., Ioverno, S., & Toomey, R. B. (2016). Are school policies focused on sexual orientation and gender identity associated with less bullying? Teachers’ perspectives. Journal of School Psychology, 54, 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2015.10.005

Stasio, M. R. Di. (2016). Social comparison, competition and teacher-student relationships in junior high school classrooms predicts bullying and victimization. Journal of Adolescence, 53, 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.002

Suriadi, S. (2020). School Culture in Instilling Religious Character of Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Edukasia : Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 15(1), 163. https://doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v15i1.6442

Tan, L. A. (2019). Bullying Victimization Among School-Going Adolescents in Malaysia: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 31(8), 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539519870665

Teng, Z. (2020). Moral Disengagement and Bullying Perpetration: A Longitudinal Study of the Moderating Effect of School Climate. School Psychology, 35(1), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000348

Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2013). A Review of School Climate Research. Review of Educational Research, 83(3), 357–385. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654313483907

Wachs, S. (2019). Bullying Intervention in Schools: A Multilevel Analysis of Teachers’ Success in Handling Bullying From the Students’ Perspective. Journal of Early Adolescence, 39(5), 642–668. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431618780423

Wang, G. F. (2019). Examining Childhood Maltreatment and School Bullying Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study From Anhui Province in China. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(5), 980–999. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516647000

Zhang, H. (2019). Bullying Behaviors and Psychosocial Adjustment Among School-Aged Children in China. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(11), 2363–2375. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518780777




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v18i2.25810

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Indexed By:

http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/19.jpg http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/4.jpg http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/17.jpg http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/5.jpghttp://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/indexing/21.jpg   

 

Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam published by Islamic Religious Education Study Program, Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Kudus is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.