Open Journal Systems

Perbandingan Faktor Internal dan Eksternal dalam Politik Luar Negeri Iran dan Afghanistan

Arief Bakhtiar Darmawan, Ilham Pangestu, Chika Cahyani, Aurani Azalia Putri

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingan faktor internal dan eksternal yang memengaruhi politik luar negeri Iran dan Afghanistan. Pada tahun 2021, Taliban mengambil alih pemerintahan di Afghanistan tanpa perlawanan berarti. Taliban merupakan kelompok Islam beraliran Sunni yang memiliki sejarah penerapan syariat Islam di level negara. Masyarakat internasional menantikan bagaimana kepemimpinan di negara itu berjalan. Sementara itu, sebagai aktor geopolitik penting di kawasan, Iran merupakan negara republik yang berlandaskan pada Islam beraliran Syiah. Sebagai negara yang lebih stabil, Iran bisa jadi memiliki sistem politik yang bisa menjadi contoh awal bagi Taliban dalam memimpin Afghanistan. Dengan menggunakan teori Holsti mengenai faktor internal dan eksternal dalam kebijakan luar negeri, penelitian ini akan membandingkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi politik luar negeri Iran dan Afghanistan. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme untuk menganalisis unsur material maupun non-material sebagai unsur penting dalam kebijakan di Iran dan Afghanistan, termasuk unsur Islam. Penulis berargumen bahwa politik luar negeri Iran dan Afghanistan dipengaruhi oleh agama Islam. Hal itu tercermin melalui beragam praktek kebijakan luar negeri, seperti dalam aliansi luar negeri, relasi dengan Amerika Serikat dan Israel, serta kepemilikan nuklir.

Keywords

Afghanistan, Iran, perbandingan politik, politik Islam, politik luar negeri

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DOI: 10.21043/politea.v6i1.19591