Perempuan dan Ekonomi Digital: Peluang Kewirausahaan Baru dan Negosiasi Peran berbasis Gender

Anisa Nurcahyani, M. Falikul Isbah

Abstract


Artikel ini mendiskusikan bagaimana para perempuan pengusaha memanfaatkan media digital sebagai peluang kewirausahaan baru, serta bagaimana mereka menegosiasikan aktifitas ekonomi tersebut dengan peran mereka sebagai istri dan ibu. Berdasarkan riset lapangan di Yogyakarta dengan menggabungkan metode observasi daring atas beberapa akun Instagram milik perempuan pengusaha dan wawancara langsung dengan mereka, riset ini menemukan bahwa ekonomi digital telah menjadi peluang kewirausahaan baru bagi para perempuan pengusaha untuk menjangkau pasar yang lebih luas tanpa mengabaikan peran mereka sebagai istri/ibu. Namun mereka dituntut untuk terus berinovasi dan memahami trend pasar yang terus berubah serta selalu meningkatkan penguasaan teknologi demi hasil yang maksimal. Pada saat yang sama, mereka juga harus mampu menegosiasikan peran domestik dan publik mereka dengan suami. Riset ini menemukan bahwa negosiasi yang berhasil umumnya bertumpu pada kesepakatan dengan suami dalam mengelola waktu, tetap menempatkan keluarga sebagai prioritas, dan memposisikan suami sebagai mitra kerja. Berdasarkan temuan ini, penulis berargumen bahwa ekonomi digital menyediakan peluang kewirausahaan baru yang memungkinkan kaum perempuan berperan di ranah domestik dan publik secara neogotiable dan fluid (cair atau lentur). 


Keywords


Perempuan; ekonomi digital; Instagram; gender; kewirausahaan baru

References


Allen, M. 2018. Social Media Marketing of Qualitative Research: Blurring Commerce and Community. Qualitative Inquiry. Vol. 1(8): 591-598.

Angel, P., Jenkins, A., & Stephens, A. 2018. Understanding Entrepreneurial Success: A Phenomenographic Approach. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship. Vol. 6(36): 611–636.

Antonio, A., & Tuffley, D. 2014. The Gender Digital Divide in Developing Countries. Future Internet. Vol. 6(4): 673–687. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi6040673

Armstrong, C. G., Delia, E. B., & Giardina, M. D. (2016). Embracing the Social in Social Media: An Analysis of the Social Media Marketing Strategies of the Los Angeles Kings. Communication & Sport. Vol. 4(2): 145–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479514532914

Bal, A. S., Grewal, D., Mills, A., & Ottley, G. 2015. Engaging Students With Social Media. Journal of Marketing Education. Vol. 3(37): 190–203.

Beckert, J., Dave Elder-Vass. 2017. Digital Economy.Profit and Gift in the Digital Economy. European Journal of Sociology. Vol. 03(58): 506–511.

BEKRAF. 2017. Data Statistik dan Hasil Survei: Ekonomi Kreatif. Diakses di http://www.bekraf.go.id/downloadable/pdf_file/170475-data-statistik-dan-hasil-survei-ekonomi-kreatif.pdf diakses pada pada 23 Oktober 2018.

BPS. 2018. Ekonomi Indonesia Triwulan II-2018 Tumbuh 5,27 Persen. Diakses di https://www.bps.go.id>2018/08/06 diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2018.

Burke dkk. 2002. Self-Employment, Wealth and Job Creation: The Roles of Gender, Non-Pecuniary Motivation and Entrepreneurial Ability. Small Business Economics. Vol. 3(19): 255–270.

Braches, B., & Elliott, C. 2016. Articulating the Entrepreneurship Career: A Study Of German Women Entrepreneurs. International Small Business Journal. pp 535-557

Bretones, F. D., Cappello, H. M., & Garcia, P. A. 2009. Social and Cultural Influences among Mexican Border Entrepreneurs. Psychological Reports. Vol. 104(3), 844–852.

CfDS. 2017. Young Microcelebrities in Indonesia: The Case of Instagram. Diakses di cfds.fisipol.ugm.ac.id

Elder-Vass, D. 2016. Profit and Gift in the Digital Economy (First published). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Essers, C., & Benschop, Y. 2009. Muslim Businesswomen Doing Boundary Work: The Negotiation of Islam, Gender and Ethnicity Within Entrepreneurial Contexts. Human Relations. Vol. 62(3), 403–423.

Fakih, M. 2008. Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: Insist Press.

Fisher, E. 2015. ‘You Media’: Audiencing as Marketing In Social Media. Media, Culture & Society. Vol. 37(1): 50–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443714549088

Flanagan, F. 2018. Theorising the gig economy and home-based service work. Journal of Industrial Relations. pp. 01-22 002218561880051. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185618800518

Gandini, A. 2016. Digital Work: Self-Branding and Social Capital in The Freelance Knowledge Economy. Marketing Theory. Vol. 16(1): 123–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593115607942

García, M.-C. D., & Welter, F. 2013. Gender Identities and Practices: Interpreting Women Entrepreneurs’ Narratives. International Small Business Journal. Vol. 31(4): 384–404.

Hamilton E. 2006. Whose Story Is It Anyway? Narrative Accounts of The Role of Women in Founding and Establishing Family Businesses dalam Stead, Valerie. (2017). Belonging and Women Entrepreneurs: Women’s Navigation of Gendered Assumptions in Entrepreneurial Practice. International Small Business Journal 2017. Vol. 35(1): 61 –77.

Hopkinson, G., & Aman, A. 2017. Women Entrepreneurs: How Power Operates In Bottom Of The Pyramid-Marketing Discourse. Marketing Theory. Vol. 17(3): 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593117704280

In Lohsse, S., In Schulze, R., & In Staudenmayer, D. 2018. Trading Data In The Digital Economy: Legal Concepts And Tools: Münster Colloquia on EU law and the digital economy III. London : Bloomsbury Publishing

Jayawarna, D., Rouse, J., & Kit ching, J. 2013. Entrepreneur Motivations and Life Course. International Small Business Journal. Vol. 31(1): 34–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242611401444

Kabeer, N. 2001. Resources, agency, achievement: reflections on the measurement of women's empowerment. Power, Resources and Culture in a Gender Perspective : Towards a Dialogue between Gender Research and Development Practice : Proceedings from a Conference Arranged by the Collegium for Development Studies, Uppsala University, in Cooperation with Sida 26-27 October, 2000. pp. 69-73. https://daringlibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-7660.00125

Lohsee, Sebastian/ Staudenmayer, Dirk/ Schulze, Reiner (ed.), Trading data in Digital Economy: Legal Concepts and Tools. Munster Colloquia on EU Law and the Digital Economy III, Baden-Baden, pp. 75-100

Martínez-Cantos, J. L. (2017). Digital Skills Gaps: A Pending Subject for Gender Digital Inclusion In The European Union. European Journal of Communication. Vol. 32(5): 419–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323117718464

Meliou, E., & Edwards, T. (2018). Relational Practices and Reflexivity: Exploring The Responses Of Women Entrepreneurs To Changing Household Dynamics. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship. Vol. 36(2): 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242617724858

O’Mara, B., Gill, G. K., Babacan, H., & Donahoo, D. 2012. Digital Technology, Diabetes and Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities: A Case Study With Elderly Women From The Vietnamese Community. Health Education Journal. Vol. 71(4): 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896911407054

Pareek, P., & Bagrecha, C. 2017. A Thematic Analysis of the Challenges and Work-Life Balance of Women Entrepreneurs Working in Small-Scale Industries. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective. Vol. 21(4): 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262917739181

Pistrui, D., Welsch, H. P., Wintermantel, O., Liao, J., & Pohl, H. J. 2000. Entrepreneurial Orientation and Family Forces in the New Germany: Similarities and Differences between East and West German Entrepreneurs. Family Business Review. Vol. 13(3): 251–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2000.00251.x

Ratten, V., & Dana, L.-P. 2017. Gendered Perspective of Indigenous Entrepreneurship. Small Enterprise Research. Vol. 24(1): 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2017.1289858

Rioux, J., & Parylak, J.-A. 2016. Dear Daycare Parent: The Must-Have Guide To Daycare for Working Parents: Over 101 Ways to Improve Your Child's Experience. Newington, Connecticut: Rioux Advisory Group, LLC,.

Sakai, Minako. 2018. Penggiat Bisnis Syariah: Muslimah, Kewirausahaan, Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Jakarta: Dompet Dhuafa.

Sakai, M., & Fauzia, A. 2016. Performing Muslim Womanhood: Muslim Business Women Moderating Islamic Practices in Contemporary Indonesia. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations. Vol. 27(3): 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2015.1114243

Salem, S. F., & Salem, S. O. 2019. Effects of Social Media Marketing and Selected Marketing Constructs on Stages of Brand Loyalty. Global Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919830863

Sharma, K., & Kumar, P. 2018. Book review: Tracy L. Tuten and Michael R. Solomon, Social Media Marketing. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective. Vol. 22(2): 241–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262918766148

Stead, V. 2017. Belonging and Women Entrepreneurs: Women’s Navigation of Gendered Assumptions In Entrepreneurial Practice. International Small Business Journal. Vol.. 35(1): 61–77. https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0266242615594413

Thackeray, R., Neiger, B. L., & Keller, H. 2012. Integrating Social Media and Social Marketing: A Four-Step Process. Health Promotion Practice. Vol. 13(2): 165–168. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839911432009

Tham, J. 2013. Book Review: The Zen of Social Media Marketing: An Easier Way to Build Credibility, Generate Buzz, and Increase Revenue, by Shama Hyder Kabani. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 90(3): 590–591.

Turner, dkk. 2000. Looking to Initiatives in Communications Technology to Overcome Social Exclusion and Gender Inequalities: Women’s Mobility and Welfare to Work: The Need for Appropriate Transport Policies, 15(1), ISSN 0269-0942

Wang, W. 2018. The Differentially Associated Sharing Economy. New Media & Society. Vol. 20(11): 4237–4254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818769572

Goode, William. J. 1983. Sosiologi Keluarga. Jakarta: Bina Aksara.

Zimmermann, Hans-Dieter. 2018. Understanding the Digital Economy: Challenges for new Business Models. pp. 729-732.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v13i1.6382

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 PALASTREN Jurnal Studi Gender

Creative Commons License
Palastren : Jurnal Studi Gender by Pusat Studi Gender STAIN Kudus is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.