Open Journal Systems

Ujaran Kebencian Dalam Al-Qur'an

Mahlail Syakur

Abstract

This study is the result of qualitative research on verses of the Qur'an through library research. This study aims to determine the concept of utterance of hatred in the Qur'an, its narrative form, and the response of the Qur'an to the behavior of hate speech. The object is the verses of the Qur'an which contain narratives of hate speech and the verses that respond to them. The main source is al-Qur`an. The method of analysis uses the interpretation of tahliliy to conclude that 28 verses of the Koran show hate speech in the form of euphemism, 23 verses show the form of hate speech dysphemism, 8 verses show the form of hate speech labeling, and 7 verses show hate speech in the form of stereotypes.

Keywords


Narration, hate speech, al-Qur'an

References


Ahnaf, M.I. dan Suhadi. 2015. Isu-Isu Kunci Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech): Implikasinya terhadap Gerakan Sosial Membangun Toleransi. Harmoni: Jurnal Multikultur Multireligius. Jakarta: Kementerian Agama RI, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehidupan Keagamaan.

Alexader, Brown. 2015. Hate Speech Law, a Philosopical Examination, New York: Routledge.

Anam, M. Chairul dan Muhammad Hafiz. 2015. SE Kapolri Tentang Penanganan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) dalam kerangka Hak Asasi Manusia. Keamanan Nasional. Vol. 1 No. 3 (2015).

Anas, Malik Ibn. 1425 H./ 2004. al-Muwatha`, Abu Dabi: Mu`assasah Zayid bin Sulthan al-Nahyan lil-A’mal al-Khairiyyah wal-Insaniyyah.

az-Zain, Muh. Basam Rusydi. 2007. Sekolah Para Nabi; Membuka Pintu Kehadiran Ilahi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Marwa.

Baidan, Nashruddin. 2000. Metodologi Penafsiran Al-Qur’an, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, cet. II.

Bleich E. 2011. The Rise of Hate Speech and Hate Crime Laws in Libetal Democracies, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. Vol. 37 No. 6 (July 2011).

Brison, Susan J. 1998. The Autonomy Defense of Free Speech. Chicago Journals. The University of Chicago. Volume 108 Nomor 2 (1998).

Eriyanto. 2011. Analisis Isi: Pengantar Metodologi untuk Penelitian Ilmu Komunikasi dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Lainnya, Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.

Al-Farmawi, ‘Abd al-Hayy. 2002. Metode Tafsir Mawdu’i dan Cara Penerapannya. Terj. Rosihon Anwar. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.

al-Farmāwi, ‘Abdul Ḥayy. 1997. Al-Bidāyah fî at-Tafsīr al-Maudlū’i: Dirāsah Manhajiyah Maudhū’iyah, Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah.

Fisch, Willian B. 2002. Hate Speech in the Constitutional Law of the United States. The American Journal of Comparative Law volume. (American Society of Comparative Law. 2002).

Gagliardone, Iginio, et.al. 2015. Countering Online Hate Speech, Fance: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

Gelber, Katharine. 2002. Speaking Back, Free Speak versus Hate Speech Debat., Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Hamid, Shalahuddin. T.th. Study Ulumul Qurān. Jakarta: Intimedia Ciptanusantara.

Haryati, Annisa Ulfa. 2017. Perspektif Hukum Islam terhadap Penerapan Undang-Undang ITE No. 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Hate Speech. skripsi, UIN Raden Intan Lampung (2017)

Keraf, Gorys. 2001. Argumentasi dan Narasi. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia. 2015. Buku Saku Penanganan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech), Jakarta, KOMNAS HAM.

Kusuma, Satria dan Djuara P. Lubis. 2016. Media Sosial Dan Kebijakan Kapolri Mengenai ”Hate Speech” (Ujaran Kebencian). Komunikasi Pembangunan IPB, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Februari, 2016).

Mardiyat, Isyatul. 2017. Fenomena Hate Speech di Sosial Media dalam Perspektif Psikologi Islam. At-Turats, Vol. 11, No.1 (2017).

Mawarti, Sri. 2018. Fenomena Hate Speech Dampak Ujaran Kebencian. TOLERANSI, UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Vol. 10, No. 1 (Januari-Juni 2018).

Munawir, Ahmad Warson. 1997. Kamus Munawir, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Progresif.

Patihullah, Junanda dan Edi Winarko. 2019. Hate Speech Detection for Indonesia Tweets Using Word Embedding And Gated Recurrent Unit. IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) UGM, Vol. 13, No. 1 (January 2019).

Ridho, Miftahur. 2018. Ujaran Kebencian dalam Dakwah: Analisis tentang Pengejawantahan Ide Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Mungkar di Kalangan Para Da’i di Kalimantan Timur. Lentera, UIN Samarinda, Vol. II, No. 1 (Juni 2018).

Royani, Yayan Muhammad. 2018. Kajian Hukum Islam terhadap Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) dan Batasan Kebebasan Berekspresi. IQTSHAD, Program Studi HES Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang, Vol. 5, no. 2 (2018).

Salim, Abd. Muin, dkk. 2017. Metodologi Penelitian Tafsir Maudlu’i, Makassar: Pustaka al-Zikra. cet. II.

Satori, Djam’am dan Aan Komariah. 2011. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta. Cet. III.

Semi, M. Atar. 2003. Menulis Efektif. Padang: Angkasa Raya.

Syakur, Mahlail. 2019. ‘Ulum al-Qur`ân. Semarang: PKPI2. cet. VII.

Unesco, 2015. Countering Online Hate Speech. France: Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, 2015.

al-Wahidiy, ‘Ali ibn Ahmad. 1415 H./ 1994. al-Wasith fi Tafsir al-Qur`ân al-Majid, tahqiq ‘Abdurrahman ‘Uwais. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Widjono Hs. 2007. Bahasa Indonesia: Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Kepribadian di Perguruan Tinggi. Jakarta: PT Grasindo.

Wulandari, Fajrina Eka. 2017. Hate Speech dalam Pandangan UU ITE dan Fatwa MUI. AHKAM, FASIH IAIN Tulungagung, Vol. 5, No. 2 (November 2017).

b. Surat Kabar dan Internet

Fatubun, Andres. Solatun, Dosen Penyebar Ujaran Kebencian Terancam Bui 10 Tahun. AyoBandung.com (Minggu, 12 Mei 2019), online: https://www.ayobandung.com/read/2019/05/12/52108/solatun-dosen-penyebar-ujaran-kebencian-terancam-bui-10-tahun

Friastuti, Rini, “10 Kasus Hate Speech yang Menyerang Presiden Jokowi dan Keluarganya”, http://m.kumparan.com/ (diakses 10 Oktober 2017).

Grande I S, “Monitoring Hate Crime and Some Comparative Law Annotations”, artikel tidak dipublikasi. Online: http://www.cep-probation.org/uploaded_files/Monitoring%20Hate%20Crime.pdf

JameKolok, Poni Alice, “5 ways to counter hate speech in the Media through Ethics and Self-regulation” yang dipublis dalam https://en.unesco.org/5-ways-to-counter-hate-speech (diakses pada 31/3/2019).

Kirnadita, Patresia, “Mengapa Orang Membuat Ujaran Kebencian?”, http://tirto.id/ (diakses 10 Oktober 2017).

Mehulika Sitepu, “Revisi UU ITE membatasi kebebasan berekspresi” http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-38124294 (diakses pada tanggal 24 Juli 2017).

MUI Lebak, online: http://www.mui-lebak.org/beranda/index.php/talkshow/159-ujaran-kebencian-dalam-perspektif-al-qur-an (diakses pada tanggal 19 Februari 2018).

NU.or.id “Islam, Radikalisme, dan Terorisme” dalam http://www.nu.or.id/post/read/64719/islam-radikalisme-dan-terorisme

Primus, Josephus, “Hina Presiden di Facebook, Ropi Divonis 15 Bulan Penjara”, http://amp.kompas.com/ (diakses 10 Oktober 2017).

Sukmana, Yoga. Dalam Dua Bulan, Polri Tetapkan 18 Tersangka Kasus Ujaran Kebencian”. Kompas.com (21/02/2018, 17:29 WIB), online: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/02/21/17290801/dalam-dua-bulan-polri-tetapkan-18-tersangka-kasus-ujaran-kebencian.

Syakur, Mahlail “Ujaran Kebencian dalam Islam”, https://syakursf.blogspot.com/2018/09/ujaran-kebencian-dalam-islam-nu.html (17/9/2018).

Syakur, Mahlail, “MENEBAR UJARAN KEBENCIAN DALAM ISLAM ADALAH BAGIAN DARI KEMUNGKARAN” dalam https://syakursf.blogspot.com/2018/09/ujaran-kebencian-dalam-islam-nu.html (17/9/2018).

Syakur, Mahlail. 2017. Tidak Ada Dalil Pembenaran Terorisme dalam al-Qur`ân. Suara Merdeka (Juni 2017).

Wiranto. Ada 53 Kasus Hoax dan 324 Hate Speech Sepanjang 2018. News.detik.com (Kamis, 25 Okt 2018 14:00 WIB), online: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4272642/wiranto-ada-53-kasus-hoax-dan-324-hate-speech-sepanjang-2018


Full Text: PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

DOI: 10.21043/hermeneutik.v15i2.8483

How To Cite This :

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 HERMENEUTIK

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.