Selective Openness to Modernity: The Islamic Legal Methodology of Indonesian Salafis

Ibnu Ibnu, Ahmad Khoirul Fata, Said Agil Husin Al Munawar, Masykuri Abdillah

Abstract


This article explores the Islamic legal methodology (manhaj) of Indonesian Salafis in responding to modernity. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, it discovers that while their approach remains textualist and exclusive, Salafis selectively accept modern developments, such as technology and science, when not contradicting scriptural texts (nass). To analyze this pattern, the study adopts Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory; emphasizing the interplay between social structure and agency. Indonesian Salafis are not passive recipients of tradition or modern change, but active agents who reinterpret religious teachings in light of contemporary realities. This selective openness allows them to maintain doctrinal purity while adapting to societal shifts. The study concludes that Salafi responses to modernity are neither wholly rigid nor fully accommodative, but represent a strategic negotiation between scriptural texts (nass) and change.

Keywords


Indonesian Salafi, Islamic Law, Manhaj, Modernity, Agency Theory.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdat, Abdul Hakim bin Amir. “Hukum Shalat Berjama’ah Dan Jum’ah Saat Pandemi.” Institut Tazkiyatun Nufus, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPvZKSC-t6k.

Abdillah, Masykuri. Islam Agama Kedamaian: Merawat Kemajemukan Dan Kerukunan Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kompas, 2021.

———. Islam Dan Dinamika Sosial Politik Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2011.

Aderus, Andi. “Karakteristik Pemikiran Salafi Di Tengah Aliran-Aliran Pemikiran Islam.” UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2010.

Al-Amin, Ainur Rofiq. “Membentengi Aswaja NU Dari Wahabi-Salafi.” mualliminenamtahun.net, 2012. https://mualliminenamtahun.net/berita/membentengi-aswaja-nu-dari-wahabi-salafi.

Al-Atawneh, M.A. Wahabbī Islam Facing the Challenges of Modernity; Dār Al-Iftā in the Modern Saudi State. Leiden - Boston: Brill, 2000.

Al-Fawzan, Ṣāliḥ. Al-Mulakhaṣ Al-Fiqh. Riyāḍ: al-Dār al-‘Alamiyyah, 2010.

Ananda, Rifki Abror, and Ahmad Khoirul Fata. “Sejarah Pembaruan Islam Di Indonesia.” Jawi 2, no. 1 (2019): 19–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24042/jw.v2i1.4121.

Ananda, Rifki Abror, Muh. Khamdan, and Ahmad Khoirul Fata. “Salafisme Di Indonesia: Identitas Dan Kontestasi Ideologi Di Indonesia.” Al-Ittihad 10, no. 2 (2024): 16–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61817/ittihad.v10i2.210.

Andirja, Firanda. “Hukum Foto Dan Video.” Tanya Jawab Islam, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73X5C4pRX10.

———. “Tidak Shalat Jumat Dan Shalat Berjamaah Dimasjid Karena Virus Corona.” Media Islam Network, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULC0P7VigCE.

AR, Zaini Tamin, and Riduwan. “Resistensi Dakwah Salafi Terhadap Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah Di Sidoarjo.” Sangkep: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Dan Keagamaan 3, no. 1 (2020): 51–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20414/sangkep.v3i1.1881.

Asriaty. “Tekstualisme Pemikiran Hukum Islam (Sebuah Kritik).” Mazahib: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam 11, no. 1 (2013). https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v11i1.112.

Badri, Muhammad Arifin. “Bincang Santai: Hukum Toko Online (Jual Beli Online).” Yufid TV, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TDBsrCAhA0.

Baits, Ammi Nur. “Hukum Cryptocurrency.” Surabaya Mengaji, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C34Umf7hBr8.

———. “Hukum Shalat Berjamaah Ketika Pandemi.” anb channel, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKOT7T7j_9w&t=28s.

———. “Hukum Tiga Kali Tidak Shalat Jumat Karena Pandemi.” anb channel, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlPROpZNkIQ&t=19s.

Basalamah, Khalid. “Hukum Video Mutlak Haram ??” Deen Assalam, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIS-ZsDLUaQ.

———. “Memanfaatkan Media Sosial Untuk Menuntut Ilmu & Berdakwah.” Khalid Basalamah Official, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Io8UrsE3F7k.

Basalamah, Syafiq Riza. “Adab Bermedia Sosial.” Yufid TV, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wFgDg4FPn0.

———. “Bolehkah Tidak Sholat Berjamaah Karena Virus Corona?” SAP Channel, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QMRxGrVpHA.

———. “Hukum Jual Beli Online.” Media Dakwah, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kytCdClXuIU.

———. “Ketahuilah Adab Bermedia Sosial.” Video Sunnah Official, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKPTwySAc-0.

———. “Pro Vaksin Atau Anti Vaksin?” Syafiq Riza Basalamah Official, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-DXPVS1-aE.

Baykan, Aysegul. “Perempuan Antara Fundamentalisme Dan Modernitas.” In Teori-Teori Sosiologi Modernitas Posmodernitas, edited by Bryan Turner. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2008.

Baz, Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin. “Ḥukm Al-Ṣalāt Khalfa Al-Tilfāz Aw Miḍyā’.” binbaz.org.sa, n.d. https://binbaz.org.sa/fatwas/7949/.

Baz, Syaikh Abdul Aziz bin. “Berdakwah Dengan Video.” Shahih Fiqih, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phrJ_fhyOiQ.

———. “Fatwa Terkait Hukum Gambar.” @hukumgambar, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PYLL42DK34.

Chozin, Muhammad Ali. “Strategi Dakwah Salafi Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Dakwah 14, no. 1 (2013): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.14421/jd.2013.14101.

Dainori. “Kontroversi Pemikiran Hukum Ahmad Hassan Dalam Sejarah Pemikiran Hukum Islam Di Indonesia.” Kariman 7, no. 1 (2019): 141–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52185/kariman.v7i1.108.

Darwis, Rizal. “Pemikiran Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyah Terhadap Paradigma Perubahan Hukum.” Adzkiya 5, no. 1 (2017): 67–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32332/adzkiya.v5i1.1006.

Dewi, Oki Setiana, and Ahmad Khoirul Fata. “Beragam Jalan Menjadi Salih: Model Dakwah Kelas Menengah Muslim Indonesia.” Bimas Islam 12, no. 1 (2021): 1–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v14i1.325.

———. “Salafi Da’wah Among Hijra Celebrities.” Penamas 36, no. 2 (2023): 180–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31330/penamas.v36i2.711.

Dewi, Oki Setiana, Ahmad Khoirul Fata, and Mahfudh Fauzi. “The Middle-Class Muslims’ Responses Toward the Salafi Da’wah: A Study on Hijrah Celebrities.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 27, no. 3 (2024): 277–90. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.72138.

Eich, Thomas. “Abū L-Hudā and the Alūsīs in Scholarship on Salafism: A Note on Methodology.” Die Welt Des Islams XLIX, no. 3/4 (2009).

Farabi, M. Dzikri Al, Hisyam Taufiq, and Gonda Yumitro. “Perkembangan Gerakan Keagamaan Dan Globalisasi Islam Salafi Di Indonesia.” Politea: Jurnal Politik Islam 6, no. 2 (2023): 103–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20414/politea.v6i2.4649.

Fata, Ahmad Khoirul, Adnan, and Mahfud Fauzi. “From Khilafah to Modern State: The History of Islamic Political Transformation.” Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Islam 22, no. 1 (2021): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v22i1.11793.

Fata, Ahmad Khoirul, and Moh Nor Ichwan. “Pertarungan Kuasa Dalam Wacana Islam Nusantara.” Islamica 11, no. 2 (2017): 339–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2017.11.2.339-364.

Fauzan, Pepen Irpan. Dari Masyumi Ke Dewan Dakwah: Transformasi Gerakan Dakwah-Politik Di Indonesia. Garut: STAIPI Press, 2023.

———. Negara Pancasila Vis a Vis Negara Islam: Pemikiran Politik M Natsir Dan M Isa Anshary (1945-1960). Garut: STAIPI Garut Press, 2019.

Fauzan, Pepen Irpan, Ahmad Khoirul Fata, and Gun Gun Abdul Basit. “Pola Kaderisasi Gerakan Islam Puritan: Studi Kritis Atas Persatuan Islam.” Millah: Jurnal Studi Agama 19, no. 2 (2020): 247–78.

Furaihan, Jamal Ibn. Al-Ajwibah Al-Mufīdah ‘an As’Ilati Manāhij Al-Jadīdah. Riyāḍ: Dār al-Manhāj, 1424.

Giddens, Anthony. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991.

———. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

Hakim, Ihsan Nul. “Pemikiran Ushul Fiqih Ibnu Qudamah: Kajian Atas Beberapa Masalah Fiqih Dalam Kitab Al-Kafi Fi Fiqh Al-Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal.” Al-Istinbath 1, no. 1 (2016): 83–102. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v1i1.76.

Hasan, Noorhaidi. Laskar Jihad: Islam, Militancy, and the Quest for Identity in Post New Order Indonesia. New York: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 2006.

Hasyim, Arrazy. Teologi Muslim Puritan: Genealogi Dan Ajaran Salafi. Jakarta: Maktabah Darus Sunnah, 2017.

Hourani, Albert. Pemikiran Liberal Di Dunia Arab. Edited by Luthfie Assyaukanie. Bandung: Mizan, 2004.

Jahroni, Jajang. “The Narratives of Islamic School Students: Contesting Salafism in a Saudi-Wahabi Educational Institutions in Contemporary Jakarta.” Ulumuna 24, no. 1 (2020): 77–104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v24i1.386.

Jawas, Yazid bin Abdul Qadir. Mulia Dengan Manhaj Salaf. Jakarta: Pustaka at-Taqwa, 2012.

Karman, Robby. “Membentengi Muhammadiyah Dari Paham Salafi.” klikmu.co, 2020. https://klikmu.co/membentengi-muhammadiyah-dari-paham-salafi/.

Khalid Basalamah. “Hukum Jual Beli Online.” Inspirasi Akhirat, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVujx1pBJIg.

Khalid Basalamah Official. “Ustadz Khalid Basalamah Ikut Vaksin,” 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3CMtMZjp5E.

Lauziere, Henri. The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in The Twentieth Century. Washington: Columbia University Press, 2016.

Marzuki. “Ahmad Ibn Hanbal: Pemikiran Fikih Dan Ushul Fikihnya.” Jurnal Hunafa 2, no. 2 (2005): 107–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v2i2.303.107-118.

Masitah, Dewi. “Globalisasi Dan Benturan Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah Madzhab Al-Asy’ari Al-Maturidi Dan Salafi: Suatu Pengamatan Di Pasuruan.” Kontekstualita: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 30, no. 1 (2015): 48–68.

Misbah, M. “Tradisi Keilmuan Pesantren Salafi.” Ibda’ 12, no. 2 (2014).

Moghadam, Assaf. “Motives for Martyrdom: Al-Qaida, Salafi Jihad, and the Spread of Suicide Attacks.” International Security 33, no. 3 (n.d.): 46–78. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40207141.

Mudzhar, Mohammad Atho. Membaca Gelombang Ijtihad: Antara Tradisi Dan Liberasi. Jakarta: Titian Ilahi Press, 1998.

Muhammad Sa’id Ramadan al-Buti. Al-Salafiyah: Marhalah Zamaniyah Mubarakah La Mazhab Islami. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr, 1990.

Nashir, Haedar. “Gerakan Islam Syari’at: Reproduksi Salafiyah Ideologis Di Indonesia.” UGM, 2006.

Rumman, Mohammad Abu. I Am a Salafi: A Study of the Actual and Imagined Identities of Salafis. Amman: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2014.

Safiin. “Gerakan Dakwah M. Natsir Lewat Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia [DDII].” Sosio-Politica 1, no. 2 (2012): 114–20.

Shaykh Mutawalli al-Sha’rawi. Mawsuah Fatawa Al-Sha’rawi. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyah, 2009.

Sholehah, Mar’atus. “Amaliyah Nahdlatul Ulama Perspektif Kaum Salafi (Studi Kasus Lingkungan Gladakpakem Kecamatan Sumbersari Kabupaten Jember).” Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, 2018.

Sucahyo, Nurhadi. “Salat Jumat Virtual: Berjamaah Tanpa Berkerumun.” VOA Indonesia, 2021. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/salat-jumat-virtual-berjamaah-tanpa-berkerumun/5925156.html.

Suhanah. “Jaringan Salafi Bogor.” Harmoni 9, no. 36 (2010).

Syaikhon, Muhammad. “Pemikiran Hukum Islam Ibn Taimiyah.” Jurnal Lisan Al-Hal 7, no. 2 (2015): 331–48. https://doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v9i2.95.

Tholhah, Imam. “Gerakan Islam Salafiyah Di Indonesia.” Edukasi 1, no. 3 (2003). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32729/edukasi.v1i3.378.

Tuasikal, Muhammad Abduh. “Hukum Jual Beli Online Dan Penjelasan Rincinya.” rumaysho.com, 2020.

———. “Hukum Shalat Berjamaah Ke Masjid Di Masa ‘New Normal’, Apakah Harus?” rumaysho.com, 2021. https://rumaysho.com/24691-hukum-shalat-berjamaah-ke-masjid-di-masa-new-normal-apakah-harus.html.

———. “Hukum Vaksinasi Dari Enzim Babi.” rumaysho.com, 2011.

———. “Kaidah Fikih Memahami Hukum Vaksinasi.” rumaysho.com, 2013. https://rumaysho.com/3541-kaedah-fikih-memahami-hukum-vaksinasi.html.

———. “Uzur Tidak Menghadiri Shalat Berjamaah Di Masjid.” rumaysho.com, 2021. https://rumaysho.com/26682-uzur-tidak-menghadiri-shalat-berjamaah-di-masjid.html.

Wahid, Din. Inspirasi Jihad Kaum Jihadis: Telaah Atas Kitab-Kitab Jihad. Jakarta: Rumah Kitab, 2017.

———. “Nurturing Salafi Manhaj: A Study of Salafi Pesantrens in Contemporary Indonesia.” Uttrecth University, 2014.

Wahid, Din, and Jamhari Makruf. Suara Salafisme: Radio Dakwah Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2017.

Washil, Izzuddin, and Ahmad Khoirul Fata. “Pemikiran Teologis Kaum Salafi: Studi Atas Pemikiran Kalam Ibn Taymiyah.” Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Islam 19, no. 2 (2018): 315–42. https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v19i2.5548.

Wiktorowicz, Quintan. “Anatomy of the Salafi Movement.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 29, no. 3 (2006): 207–39. https://doi.org/article https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100500497004.

Yakin, Ayang Utriza. “Salafi Dakwah and The Disemination of Islamic Purification: A Case Study of the Radio of Rodja.” Ulumuna 22, no. 2 (2018): 205–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v22i2.335.

Zahrah, Muhammad Abu. Tarīḥ Al-Mazāhib Al-Islāmī Fī Al-Siyāsah Wa Al-‘Aqīdah Wa Tarīḥ Al-Mazāhib Al-Fiqhiyyah. Kairo: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī, n.d.

Zikriadi, Muhammad Amri, and Indo Santalia. “Pemahaman Keagamaan Salafi Dan Kegaduhan Di Tengah Masyarakat Serta Solusi Penyelesaiannya.” Mushaf Journal 2, no. 3 (2022): 288–98.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v19i1.31513

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Addin

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

situs toto