Whole-of-nation Moral Learning by Spiritual Hearts: A Case of Brunei’s Evolving Education System
Abstract
The role of the spiritual heart in transformation and reformation is vital. However, the dynamism of change emanating from the heart is less understood. Using the work of al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111), this paper centralises the noetic of the spiritual heart and its roles as a learning medium and a change agent. The heart is then conceptually operationalised within the national settings, particularly its role in whole-of-nation moral learning. This is further illustrated by a whole-of-nation moral learning trajectory situated within Brunei’s governance context, which is the (re)Islamisation of the national education system during three periods: pre-independence 1984, post-independence, and the new norm. The case showed the important roles of virtuous leaders to push for moral changes, followers to also engage in moral learning to suppress immoral learning, structures and cultures to be institutionalised to perpetuate moral learning, and selective international relations to catapult local progress.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdul Aziz, Amin. “Governance in a Contemporary Islamic Negara.” Journal of Islamic Governance 1, no. 1 (2015): 1-9. https://islamicgovernance.org/jig1-p1/.
———. “Of Leaders and Leadership.” The Journal of Islamic Governance (2020). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53105/tp-1.
Abu Bakar, Nani Suryani, Asbol Mail, and Izzah Abdulla. Tujuh Serangkai Dari Perspektif Sejarah. 2015.
Al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib. “Islamic Philosophy: An Introduction.” In Journal of Islamic Philosophy, 11-43, 2005. http://islamicity.free.fr/Aquida%20Class/jip1-Naquib%20al-Attas-2.pdf.
———. Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam: An Exposition of the Fundamental Elements of the Worldview of Islam. 2nd ed. ed. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 2001.
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad. “’Ajā’ib Al-Qalb (Wonders of the Heart).” Translated by Walter James Skillie. In Ihya Ulum Al-Din (Revival of the Religious Science), edited by Walter James Skellie. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 2007.
Archer, Margaret S. “How Agency Is Transformed in the Course of Social Transformation: Don’t Forget the Double Morphogenesis.” In Generative Mechanisms Transforming the Social Order, edited by Margaret Archer. Dordrecht: Springer, 2015.
Ashforth, Be, and V. Anand. “The Normalization of Corruption in Organizations.” Research In Organizational Behavior, Vol 25 25 (2003): 1-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(03)25001-2.
Attia, Mariam, and Julian Edge. “Be(Com)Ing a Reflexive Researcher: A Developmental Approach to Research Methodology.” Open Review of Educational Research 4, no. 1 (2017): 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2017.1300068.
Bakar, Osman. Islamic Civilisation and the Modern World: Thematic Essays. Bandar Seri Begawan: UBD Press, 2014. https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Islamic_Civilisation_and_The_Modern_Worl.html?id=GABJBgAAQBAJ.
Basri, Ghazali. Falsafah Pendidikan Islam Huraian Konsep Dan Aplikasi (Philosophy of Islamic Education: Concept and Application). Brunei: Penerbitan KUPU SB, 2012.
Berkowitz, M. J. “Shaping the Outer Space and Cyberspace Environments.” In Conflict and Cooperation in the Global Commons: A Comprehensive Approach for International Security, 155-70, 2012.
Besar, Haji Mail bin. Gerakan Kristianisasi Di Negara Brunei Darussalam (Christianisation Movement in Brunei Darussalam). Brunei: Pusat Penerbitan KUPU SB, 2012.
Briki, Walid & Amara, M., “Perspective of Islamic Self: Rethinking Ibn al-Qayyim’s Three-Heart Model from the Scope of Dynamical Social Psychology,” Journal of Religion and Health 57, no. 3 (2018): 836–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0414-0
Blackaby, Henry T, and Richard Blackaby. Spiritual Leadership: Moving People on to God’s Agenda. B&H Publishing Group, 2011.
Brown, John Seely, and Paul Duguid. “Organizational Learning and Communities-of-Practice: Toward a Unified View of Working, Learning, and Innovation.” Organization Science 2, no. 1 (1991): 40-57. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.40.
Coughlan, Paul, and David Coghlan. “Action Learning: Towards a Framework in Inter-Organisational Settings.” Action Learning: Research and Practice 1, no. 1 (2004): 43-61.
Crossan, M, H.W. Lane, and R.E. White. “An Organizational Learning Framework: From Intuition to Institution.” Academy of management review (1999): 522-37.
Daugherty, C. H., and D. R. Towns. “One Ecosystem, One National Park: A New Vision for Biodiversity Conservation in New Zealand.” Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 49, no. 3 (2019): 440-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2019.1659834. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073485863&doi=10.1080%2f03036758.2019.1659834&partnerID=40&md5=c1e3f4fe24d6326bfa02076ae43baf7f.
Dreyfus, Hubert L. Mind over Machine : The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer. Edited by Stuart E. Dreyfus and Tom Athanasiou. Oxford, UK : B. Blackwell, 1986.
Duraman Tuah, Haji. “Membangun Negara Berdasarkan Falsafah Melayu Islam Beraja: Brunei Darussalam.” Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam: Institut Perkhidmatan Awan (2001).
Fry, Louis W. “Toward a Theory of Spiritual Leadership.” The leadership quarterly 14, no. 6 (2003): 693-727.
Gluckman, Peter, and ONZ KNZM FRSNZ FMedSci FRS. “Toward a Whole of Government/Whole of Nation Approach to Mental Health.” Auckland: Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor.[Google Scholar] (2017).
Haji Abu Bakar, Haji Tassim bin. “Pendidikan Dari Balai Di Kampong Ayer Ke Sekolah Moden Di Darat, 1906–1941: Kajian Sejarah Pendidikan Di Negara Brunei Darussalam (Education in Balai at the Water Village to Modern School on Land, 1906–1941: Historical Study of Education in Brunei Darussalam).” Susurgalur: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah 1, no. 2 (2013).
Haji Ahmad, Haji Zaini bin. Brunei Merdeka: Sejarah Dan Budaya Politik (Independent Brunei: History and Political Culture). Brunei: De’Imas Printing, 2003.
Haji Jibah, Awang Haji Matassim bin. Dokumentasi. Brunei: Pusat Sejarah Brunei, 2004.
Haji Mail, Asbol bin. Pendidikan Agama Islam Brunei Darussalam Pramerdeka: Pengalaman, Tranformasi Dan Cabaran (Islamic Religious Education in Brunei Darussalam Pre-Independence: Experience, Transformation and Challenges). Beriga, 2007.
Haji Muhaimin, Haji Mohamed. Zaman Jepun Di Brunei 1941-1945 (Japan’s Period in Brunei 1941–1945). Pusat Sejarah Brunei, 2017.
Haunschild, Pamela, and David Chandler. “Institutional-Level Learning: Learning as a Source of Institutional Change.” The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism (2008): 624-49.
Hussainmiya, B. A. “Resuscitating Nationalism: Brunei under the Japanese Military Administration (1941-1945).” Senri ethnological studies 65 (2003): 273-300.
———. The Brunei Constitution of 1959 : An inside History. 2nd ed. ed. Bandar Seri Begawan: Brunei Press, 2001.
Khatri, Naresh, and H Alvin Ng. “The Role of Intuition in Strategic Decision Making.” Human Relations 53, no. 1 (2000): 57-86.
Ministry of Education, Brunei. Sistem Pendidikan Negara Abad Ke 21 (National Education System in the 21st Century). Brunei, 2013.
Mohammad bin Pengiran Haji Abd. Rahman, Pengiran Haji. Islam Di Brunei Darussalam. Bandar Seri Begawan, Negara Brunei Darussalam: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, 1992.
Mutch, Alistair. “Margaret Archer and a Morphogenetic Take on Strategy.” Critical Perspectives on Accounting (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2016.06.007.
Myers, Michael D. Qualitative Research in Business & Management. Qualitative Research in Business and Management. Los Angeles, Calif.: Los Angeles, Calif. : SAGE, 2009.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy. New York: State University of new York Press, 2006.
Nonaka, Ikujiro, and Hirotaka Takeuchi. “The Wise Leader.” Harvard business review 89, no. 5 (2011): 58.
Rothman, Abdallah. Developing a Model of Islamic Psychology and Psychotherapy: Islamic Theology and Contemporary Understandings of Psychology; Routledge, 2021).
Sadler-Smith, Eugene. Inside Intuition. London: Routledge, 2008.
Saunders, Graham. A History of Brunei. Kuala Lumpur ; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Schwab, Klaus. The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Switzerland: World Economic Forum, 2016.
Seng, C. E. “Singapore’s Smart Nation Program-Enablers and Challenges.” Paper presented at the 2016 11th Systems of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSE 2016, 2016.
Sidani, Yusuf, and Akram Al Ariss. “New Conceptual Foundations for Islamic Business Ethics: The Contributions of Abu-Hamid Al-Ghazali.” Journal of Business Ethics (2014).
Sidhu, Jatswan S. Sejarah Sosioekonomi Brunei 1906-1959. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1995.
Stockwell, A. J. “Britain and Brunei, 1945–1963: Imperial Retreat and Royal Ascendancy.” Modern Asian studies 38, no. 4 (2004): 785-819. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X04001271.
Tarip, Iznan. “‘Darkness to Light’ in Islamic Corporate Governance.” The Journal of Islamic Governance 5, no. 1 (2019): 1-26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53105/jig.5-1. https://islamicgovernance.org/jig5-p1/.
———. “Organizational Moral Learning by Spiritual Hearts: A Synthesis of Organizational Learning, Islamic and Critical Realist Perspectives.” Asian Journal of Business Ethics 9, no. 2 (2020): 323-47.
Tarip, Iznan, and Nur Firdaus Abu Bakar. “Al-Ghazali on the Head, Heart and Hand Tripartite, and Its Organisational Implications.” International Journal of `Umranic Studies 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–12.
Yaman, Hikmet. Prophetic Niche in the Virtuous City: The Concept of Hikmah in Early Islamic Thought. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2011.
Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research : Design and Methods. 5th ed. ed.: Los Angeles, Calif. : SAGE, 2014.
Zacher, H., L. K. Pearce, D. Rooney, and B. McKenna. “Leaders’ Personal Wisdom and Leader- Member Exchange Quality: The Role of Individualized Consideration.” J. Bus. Ethics 121, no. 2 (2014): 171-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1692-4.
Zawawi, Majdey. “Manoeuvring Power Dynamics: the Brunei Constitution 1959.” The Journal of Islamic Governance 3, no. 1 (2017).
Åkerström, Malin. “Curiosity and Serendipity in Qualitative Research.” Qualitative Sociology Review 9, no. 2 (2013): n/a.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v15i1.12189
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 ADDIN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indexed by:
