Penerapan Pembebanan di Luar Kemampuan Mukallaf dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI: Analisis Usul Fikih Empat Mazhab Sunni dan Mu’tazilah
Abstract
The examination of DSN–MUI fatwas regarding obligations, sanctions, and the responsibilities of customers through the lens of the principle of imposing obligations beyond the capacity of the mukallaf (taklīf mā lā yuṭāq) needs to be conducted to address whether DSN–MUI fatwas are consistent with the principle of taklīf mā lā yuṭāq or whether they impose burdens beyond the parties’ capacity. The purpose of this study is to identify the principle of taklīf mā lā yuṭāq as applied in DSN-MUI fatwas and its implementation according to the usul fiqh theories of the four Sunni schools and the Mu’tazilah. This research is normative Islamic law research in the doctrinal domain, using conceptual, philosophical, and comparative approaches. Primary sources include the usul fiqh literature of the four Sunni schools and the Mu’tazilah. Data were collected through document studies. The results indicate that although DSN-MUI fatwas do not explicitly mention the principle of taklīf mā lā yuṭāq, they apply it implicitly in the five analyzed fatwas, namely Fatwa No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000, No. 17/DSN-MUI/X/2000, No. 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005, 48/DSN-MUI/II/2005, and No.129/DSN-MUI/VII/2019. All these fatwas show a consistent pattern: obligations are imposed only on those capable, parties who are incapable or affected by force majeure are not burdened, sanctions are applied only to those capable but intentionally delay, and facilitation is provided through rescheduling and reduction of burdens. Overall, these fatwas are consistent with the principle of the capacity of the mukallaf as emphasized in the usul fiqh of the four Sunni schools and the Mu’tazilah.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Abdullah, A., et al, (2023). The Classical and Modern Juristic Methodologies and Their Application in Islamic Finance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 13(7), 1421–1442. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i7/17504
Abidah, A. (2020). The Transformation of DSN-MUI Fatwa in The Unit-Linked Products: A Contemporary Analysis. Justicia Islamica, 17(2), 299–322. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v17i2.1960
Ahmad, S. M. (2023). Al-Taklīf wa al-Ṣiḥḥah al-Nafsiyyah. Majallah al-Dirāsah al-Islāmiyyah li al-Banīn Biyāswān, 7, 402–437.
Al-’Ayyibi, M. bin A. (2022). Dirāsah wa Taḥqīq Mas’alat al-Taklīf bimā Lā Yutāqu min Sharḥ al-‘Allāmah al-Qāḍī Abī al-Baqā’ Bahrām bin ‘Abdillāh al-Ḍamīrī ‘alā Mukhtaṣar Ibn al-Ḥājib al-Aṣlī. Majallah Jāmi‘ah al-Qur’ān al-Karīm wa al-‘Ulūm al-Islāmiyyah, 54, 666–715.
Al-'Arabi, ِِِa.-Q. A. B. I. (1999). al-Maḥṣūl fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Dar al-Bayariq.
Al-Bagdadi, I. B. (1983). al-Wuṣūl ilā al-Uṣūl (1). Maktabah al-Maarif.
Al-Bukhari, A. (n.d.). Kashf al-Asrār ʿan Uṣūl Fakhr al-Islām al-Bazdawī (3). Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
Al-Dayim, F. G. ’Abd. (n.d.). Ḥukm al-Taklīf bimā Lā Yutāqu ‘inda al-Uṣūliyyīn wa al-Aḥkām al-Shar‘iyyah al-Mutarattabah ‘Alayhi. Majallat Kulliyyat al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyyah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Banāt bi al-Iskandarīyyah 10(36), 425–497.
Al-Juwaini, A. al-M. (1399). Al-Burhān fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Cet-1).
Al-Hamash, F. H. (2018). Mas’alat Taklīf al-Mukrah bayna al-Muwaffaq Ibn Qudāmah wa Muḥammad al-Amīn al-Shanqīṭī: Dirāsah Uṣūliyyah Muqāranah. Majallat al-‘Ulūm al-Islāmiyyah wa al-Ḥaḍārah, 8.
Al-Kasem, A. A. K. A. (2021). Al-Ikrah wa Atharuhu fī al-Aḥkām ‘inda al-Uṣūliyyīn. Majallat Kulliyyat al-Banāt al-Azharīyyah 5, 75–131.
Al-Khallaf, A. W. (n.d.). ʿIlm Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Maktabah al-Da’wah al-Islamiah Syabab al-Azhar.
Al-Khin, M. S. (2000). Al-Kāfī al-Wāfī fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islāmī (Cet-1). Muasasah al-Risalah.
Al-Najjar, I. (1993). Mukhtaṣar al-Taḥrīr (1). Maktabah al-’Abikan.
Al-Qurafi, S. (2004). Sharḥ Tanqīḥ al-Fuṣūl fī Ikhtiṣār al-Maḥṣūl fī al-Uṣūl. Dār al-Fikr
Al-Razi, F. (n.d.). Al-Maḥṣūl fī ʿIlm Uṣūl al-Fiqh (2). Mu’assasat al-Risālah.
Al-Rays, ’Abd al-Muhsin. (1434). Al-‘Ilm wa al-Qudrah bayna Khaṭāb al-Taklīf wa Khaṭāb al-Waḍ‘ī. Majallat al-‘Ulūm al-Shar‘iyyah, 28.
Al-Syatibi, A. I. (1997). Al-Muwāfaqāt (1). Dār Ibn ʿAffān.
Al-Tufi, N. (1989). Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Rawḍah (Cet-2). Wizārat al-Awqāf wa al-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyyah wa al-Da‘wah wa al-Irshād.
Al-Zuhaili, W. (1986). Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islāmī (Cet-1). Suriah : Dar al-Fikr.
Alden, N., & Alsabawy, A. (2014). Al-Taklīf bi al-Ḥāl wa al-Aḥkām al-Shar‘iyyah al-Mutarattibah ‘Alayhi. Majallah Kulliyyah al-‘Ulūm al-Islāmiyyah, 8(1).
Awaluddin, & Febrian, A. (2020). Kedudukan Fatwa Dsn-Mui Dalam Transaksi Keuangan Pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Di Indonesia. Al-Hurriyah : Jurnal Hukum Islam, 6(2), 196–209.
Dahir, A. M. (2015). Importance of Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul fiqh ) in Islamic Banking Product Structuring. Conference: Business and Entrepreneurship, 1–11.
Daloul, Zainab Ali, ’Adnan Farhan Khamis Al Qasim. (2024). Mas’ūliyyat al-Taklīf. Majallat al-Mustanṣiriyyah li al-‘Ulūm al-Insāniyyah, 5(August).
Hasan, M. A. (2022). Al-A‘dhar al-Ṭāri’ah ‘alā al-Taklīf wa Ḥukm al-Niyābah fīhi. Majallah al-Dirāyah, 21, 142–204.
Helmi, R. (2018). Manhaj Penetapan Fatwa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Di Indonesia. Syariah Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 18(2), 301. https://doi.org/10.18592/sy.v18i2.2518
Hummam, I. (1351). Al-Taḥrīr fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa Awlādih.
Huwairif, N. ’Anbar. (2022). Ta‘qīl mā lā Yutāqu fī al-Qur’ān al-Karīm bayna al-Ḥaqīqah wa al-Majāz. Majallat Ibn Khaldūn li al-Dirāsah wa al-Abḥāth, 2(14), 1–22.
Ibrahim, M. R. (2024). Al-Taklīf bimā Lā Yutāqu ‘inda al-Ashā‘irah. Al-Majallah al-‘Ilmiyyah li Kulliyyat al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyyah wa al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Banīn bi Dimiāṭ al-Jadīdah, 16.
Ihsan Rois, M. S. (2021). Fatwa Ekonomi DSN-MUI dalam Sistem Sosial Ekonomi Indonesia (Analisis Maqashid Shariah Pendekatan Sistem). Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Islam, 20(1), 91–118.
Jabbar, A.-Q. A. (n.d.). Al-Mughnī fī Abwāb al-Tawḥīd wa al-‘Adl (11).
Lifatat, J. M. (2018). Qā‘idat al-Taklīf bi ghayr al-Maqdūr ‘inda al-Uṣūliyyīn. Majallah Kulliyyah al-‘Ulūm al-Islāmiyyah, 1(53).
Mansoor, Ahmed, Mohammad Kaber Hassan, A. R. A. (2025). Rethinking Uṣūl al-Fiqh in Islamic Finance : From Diversified Jurisprudential Schools to Unified Uṣūl ? Arab Law Quarterly, Advance Ar, 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1163/15730255-bja10192
Marhun, R. S. (1434). Ḥaqīqat al-Istiṭā‘ah ‘inda Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Mutakallimīn. Majallah Al-Ulum Al-Islamiyyah, 4.
Nimaga, O. M. (2025). The Imposition of the Intolerable : A Doctrinal Study in Light of the Creed of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah. Majallat al-Andalusī li al-‘Ulūm al-Insāniyyah wa al-Ijtimā‘iyyah, 132(12), 36–60. https://doi.org/10.35781/1637-000-132-00 2
Nujaim, I. (2001). Mishkāt al-Anwār fī Uṣūl al-Manār (Cet-1). Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah
Nurjaman, M. I., & Ayu, D. (2021). Eksistensi Kedudukan Fatwa Dsn Mui Terhadap Keberlangsungan Operasional Bisnis Di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Al Iqtishod: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Ekonomi Islam, 9(2), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.37812/aliqtishod.v9i2.245
Osman, N. M. (2015). Critically Examine the Importance of Fiqh and Usul Fiqh in Islamic Finance. INCEIF : The Global University of Islamic Finance, 1–14.
Pelu, I. E. A. (2020). Kedudukan Fatwa Dalam Konstruksi Hukum Islam. El-Mashlahah,9(2),167–181. https://doi.org/10.23971/maslahah.v9i2.1692
Qudamah, I. (1989). Rawḍ al-Nāẓir wa Jannat al-Munāẓir fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh (1) (Cet-1). Al-Maktabah al-Makkiah.
Saad, K. A. (2021). Al-Istiṭā‘ah fī al-Syarī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah: Tajdīd wa Ta’ṣīl. AQU Journal of Sharia Sciences and Islamic Studies, 1(1), 164–197. https://doi.org/10.52747/aqujssis.1.1.33.
Salim, A. A. A. al-S. (n.d.). Al-Taklīf bimā Lā Yutāqu: Dirāsah Uṣūliyyah. Majallat Kulliyyat Uṣūl al-Dīn wa al-Da‘wah bi al-Manūfiyyah, 42, 3491–3520.
Sutopo, U. (2018). Dialektika Fatwa Dan Hukum Positif Di Indonesia: Meneguhkan Urgensi dan Posisi Fatwa di Masyarakat Muslim Nusantara. Justicia Islamica, 15(1), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v15i1.1435.
Zaidan, ’Abd al-Karim. (n.d.). Al-Wajīz fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Muassasah Qurtubah.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/tawazun.v9i1.34613
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 TAWAZUN : Journal of Sharia Economic Law
Tawazun: Journal of Sharia Economic Law has been Indexed by :
Tawazun: Journal of Sharia Economic Law by Sharia Economic Law Department, Sharia Faculty, State Islamic Institute of Kudus, Kudus, Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.