Theological Egoism In The Hadith of Dzul Khuwaishirah: A Critique of the Practice of Totalization In The Kharijite Doctrine A Levinasian Critique
Abstract
This study examines theological egoism in the hadith of Dzul Khuwaishirah and its development in the takfiri doctrine of the Khawarij through the ethical perspective of Emmanuel Levinas. This study aims to analyze this form of theological egoism and formulate its implications for religious moderation. This study employs a literature review (library research) method with a philosophical and ethical interpretive approach based on the thought of Emmanuel Levinas as its analytical framework. Primary data include the hadith of Dzul Khuwaishirah in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, as well as Emmanuel Levinas’s works, Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority and Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence. The hadith corpus is analyzed through historical contextualization and the identification of the theme of theological egoism. At the same time, Levinas’s texts are used to examine the concepts of totalization, alterity, and asymmetrical responsibility as a framework for a critical reading of the hadith. The results of the study indicate that Dzul Khuwaishirah’s stance can be understood as a form of egology that absolutizes subjective judgment and disregards alterity. This pattern has developed within the Khawarij’s takfiri doctrine. This study demonstrates that religious moderation can be strengthened through an ethical orientation that places responsibility toward the other as the foundation for respect for human dignity.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al Maawali, Al Muatasim Said Saif. “A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Distinguishing Features Between Ibāḍīs and Khārijītes.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 09, no. 02 (Desember 2019): 20–36. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.92.02
An-Naisaburi, Abu Al-Husain Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj bin Muslim Al-Qusyairi. Shahih Muslim. Turki: Dar al-Tiba’ah al-Amirah, 1334.
Arifin, Zaenal. “Pemikiran Teologi, Politik Dan Sosial Khawarij.” AL-IFKAR 16, no. 2 (2021).
Bangkit Nugraha, Ariska Sara, Naila Nur Hikmah, Samsul Ma’arif, Izmi Nurul Azizah, Muhamad Parhan, dan Nisrina Fitri Ghaida. “Eksplorasi Sekte Khawarij Dan Impresinya Terhadap Ajaran Islam.” Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Islam 2, no. 2 (Maret 2024): 171–78. https://doi.org/10.61132/jbpai.v2i2.224
Bukhari, Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin al Mughirah ibn Bardizbah al-. Shahih al-Bukhari. Beirut: Dar al-Kamal al-Muttahidah, 1437
Cook, Daniel. “The More-Than-Human Other of Levinas’s Totality & Infinity.” Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 30, no. 1 (November 2022): 58–78. https://doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2022.1008
Doren, Kamilus Pati. “Konsep Tanggung Jawab Emmanuel Levinas Dan Implikasinya Bagi Keberagamaan Indonesia.” Societas Dei: Jurnal Agama dan Masyarakat 5, no. 2 (Desember 2018): 154. https://doi.org/10.33550/sd.v5i2.88
Dwi Lestari, Puput. “Konsep Moderasi Agama Dalam Tinjauan Etika Tanggung Jawab Emmanuel Levinas.” Academic Journal of Islamic Principles and Philosophy 6, no. 2 (Desember 2025). https://doi.org/10.22515/ajipp.v6i2.12896
Fazlurrahman, H. Lalu Muhamad. “Khawarij dan Isu Radikalisme.” Sophist : Jurnal Sosial Politik Kajian Islam dan Tafsir 3, no. 1 (Juni 2021): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.20414/sophist.v3i1.34
Ghofur, Abdul, Priyanto, dan Agus H.S. Reksoprodjo. “Memahami Ideologi Khawarij sebagai Upaya Deteksi Dini Aksi Terorisme.” Indonesian Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences (ESA) 4, no. 1 (Januari 2025): 31–44. https://doi.org/10.55927/esa.v4i1.13643
Hervrizal, Hervrizal. “Khawarij: Sejarah Kemunculan, Ajaran-ajaran dan Sektenya.” Dakwatul Islam 5, no. 1 (Desember 2020): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.46781/dakwatulislam.v5i1.203
Ilham, Ilham. “Aliran-Aliran Khawarij Dan Pemikirannya.” Jurnal Mimbar: Media Intelektual Muslim dan Bimbingan Rohani 5, no. 2 (Oktober 2019): 117–26. https://doi.org/10.47435/mimbar.v5i2.806
Ismail, Mohammad Syafiq. “Khawarij Firqah Terawal Di Dalam Islam? Tinjauan Ringkas Terhadap Sejarah Dan Pemikirannya.” Jurnal al-Sirat 20 (2022).
Jauhari, Ahmad. “Konsep Metafisika Emmanuel Lévinas.” YAQZHAN 2, no. 1 (2016).
Karo-Karo, Muhammad Syawal, Iqbal Maulana, dan Zulfahmi Lubis. “Aliran Khawarij Dalam Perspektif Ilmu Kalam.” Ta’dib: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Isu-isu Sosial 22, no. 2 (Desember 2024). https://doi.org/DOI:%20https://doi.org/10.37216/tadib.v20i2.1863
Kevin, Alfredo. “Epifani Wajah Di Tengah Krisis Relasi Refleksi Filosofis ‘Aku’ Dengan ‘Yang Lain’ Dalam Konsep Alteritas Emanuel Levinas.” Aggiornamento: Jurnal Filsafat-Teologi Konstekstual 2, no. 1 (Mei 2021).
Large, William. Levinas Totality And Infinity. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.
Levinas, Emmanuel. Otherwise than Being or beyond Essence. Paperback edition, 11. printing. Diterjemahkan oleh Alphonso Lingis. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA: Duquesne University Press, 1998.
———. Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 4th edition. French, 1961. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9342-6
Maemunah, Siti, dan Muhammad Asgar Muzakki. “Narcissistic Personality Disorder (Npd) Dalam Riwayat Profetik.” Aqlam: Journal of Islam and Plurality 9, no. 1 (Juni 2024). https://doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v9i1.2951
Putra, Agustinus Tamtama. “‘Jangan Bunuh Aku!’ Humanisme Levinas Sebagai Anti Humanisme Dan Kritik Atas Totalisme Modern.” Forum Filsafat dan Teologi 54, no. 2 (Oktober 2025): 168–77. https://doi.org/10.35312/forum.v54i2.764
Saniah, Mahfuzah, dan M. Alfan Sidik. “Pemikiran Khawarij: Studi Historis Genealogis Pemikiran Islam.” RUSYDIAH: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 1, no. 1 (Juni 2020): 71–83. https://doi.org/10.35961/rsd.v1i1.128
Sari, Devi Indah, Iklima Novriani, Sandi Swasta Agung, Muhammad Fadhli, Zulfahmi Lubis, dan Muhammad Basri. “Konsep Dosa Besar dalam Perspektif Khawarij: Analisis Teologis dan Konsekuensinya.” Jurnal Mudabbir (Journal Research and Education Studies) 5, no. 2 (2025).
Simon, John C. “‘Yang Lain’ Dalam Pemikiran Levinas dan Ricoeur Terkait Prinsip Hidup Bermasyarakat.” Indonesian Journal of Theology 6, no. 2 (Desember 2018): 138–62. https://doi.org/10.46567/ijt.v6i2.10
Simon, Untara. “Perjumpaan Wajah Sebagai Dasar Etika Menurut Emanuel Levinas.” ARETE: Jurnal Filsafat 12, no. 1 (2023).
Sukring, Sukring. “Ideologi, Keyakinan, Doktrin Dan Bid’ah Khawarij: Kajian Teologi Khawarij Zaman Modern.” Jurnal Theologia 27, no. 2 (Desember 2016): 411–30. https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2016.27.2.1076
Sulastri, Sulastri, dan Khalimi Khalimi. “Konsep Pemahaman Aqidah Khawarij Dari Zaman Ke Zaman.” Maslahah: Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 2 (Oktober 2022).
Utang, Herman Yosep. “Relasi ‘Aku’ Dengan ‘Yang Lain’ Menurut Perspektif Emanuel Levinas.” Pluralis Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 1 (November 2023).
Yusuf, Muhammad, Faridah Faridah, dan Laessach M. Pakatuwo. “Al-Khwarij Dan Ali-Murji’ah ( Sejarah Muncul Dan Pokok Ajarannya ).” TEKNO AULAMA: Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Islam 01, no. 02 (2021).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/jp.v20i1.37259
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Penelitian
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.