Phenotypic Variation of Cocos nucifera L. Stems and Its Implications for Population Genetics in Pesisir Barat Lampung
Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plays a vital role in coastal ecosystems and local economies, yet its population diversity may be shaped by historical cultivation practices. This study evaluated stem phenotypic variation and its implications for population genetics in coconut populations of Pesisir Barat, Lampung. A total of 92 individual trees were sampled using stratified purposive sampling across representative coastal sites. Three stem morphometric traits were measured following IPGRI (1995) descriptors, namely stem circumference at 1.5 m above ground (CS), stem circumference at 20 cm above the base (CB), and the height of the 11th internode from the ground surface (HS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, coefficients of variation (CV), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results showed relatively limited phenotypic variation, with CS exhibiting the lowest variability (CV 9.87%), while CB and HS showed moderate variability (CV 15.35% and 16.75%, respectively). PCA revealed close clustering of individuals, with the first two principal components explaining 91.0% of the total phenotypic variation, indicating limited phenotypic differentiation within the population. The observed phenotypic homogeneity may partly reflect the historical legacy of the PRPTE program, which distributed relatively uniform planting material during 1982–1984. Although inferences regarding genetic diversity remain preliminary, the findings suggest constrained population-level differentiation and highlight the importance of integrating morphometric and molecular approaches to support germplasm management, breeding strategies, and long-term sustainability of C. nucifera in coastal ecosystems.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/jobe.v9i1.37200
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