Islamic Theological Controversy on Theodicy and Destiny: A Clash of Islamicity and Indonesianity
Abstract
The discourse of Islamic theology among Muslim scholars has experienced fierce debates related to takfiri (in the Ali group) and mihnah (Mu'tazilah scholars' investigation of Qadi) on human deeds, including the persecution of followers of the Wahdatul Wujud school in Indonesia. This article aims to examine theodity in the debate to avoid killing and disbelieving behavior and interpret the destination in the conflict between oral and literal theological firqah that affects active evil due to evil inspired by the ability to achieve shallow believers (ijmali), simple believers (tafshili), complete believers (tafshilimutammim), perfect believers (tafshili mukammil) and special believers (tafshili khususiyat). This article is a literal study that examines the theoretical thinking of Islamic firqah with critical analysis. This article finds that oral theology always adheres to the essence leading to sophisticated logic, while literal theology holds to the truth of the combined interpretation of reason-revelation. Oral theology is a theology without reference to the book of mu'tabarah (legacy) so that theological discussions are often framed in freespeech while literal theology obliges itself to hold on to the book of mu'tabarah. The logic of theology rests on the logic of burhani and kammiyah which is patterned of tanzih-tasbih (pure-holy) and nafi-itsbat (negation-inaugurate).
Keywords
References
Al-Farabi, T. R. W. (1985). Al-Farabi on The Perfect State: Mabadi Ara Ahl Al-Madina Al-Fadila. Clarendon Press.
Al-Farabi, T. R. W. (1998). Al-Farabi on The Perfect State: Mabadi Ara Ahl Al-Madina Al-Fadila. Clarendon POress.
Al-Ghazali. (1916). Ihya ‘Ulum al-Din (D. al-K. al-‘Arabiyah Al-Kubra (Red); juz, 4).
Al-Jubury, ’Imad Al-Din. (2022). Al-Mu’tazilah: Al-Madhi wa Al-Hadhir. E-Kutub.
Al-Khalili, A. M. (2016). Tuhfatu al-Murid Syarh Jauharatu al-Tauhid. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
Al-Kharsyi al-Maliki. (2015). Minhaj al-Tauhid al-Fara’idu al-Saniyah fi Syarh al-Muqaddimah al-Sanusiyah al-Musammatu (Ummi al-Barahin). Dar al-Kutuh al-Ilmiyah.
Al-Kindi. (1974a). Al-Kindi’s Metaphysics: A Translation of Ya’qub Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi’s Treatise “On First Philosophy” (George F. Hourani et. al (Red)). University of New York Press.
Al-Kindi. (1974b). Al-Kindi’s Metaphysics: A Translation of Ya’qub Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi’s Treatise “On First Philosophy”. University of New York Press.
Al-Maturidy. (2005). Ta’wilat Ahl al-Sunnah: Tafsir Al-Maturidiyah. Dar Al-Kitab Al-Ilmiyah.
Al-Sulaiman, I. (1996). Majmu ‘ah Fatawa wa Rasa’il Fadhilati al-Syaikh Muhammad Ibn Shalih al-‘Atsimin (juz. 7). Dar al-Tsarya li al-Nasyr.
Al-Washifi, S. A. (2002). Mawazina al-Shufiyah. Dar al-Iman.
Amorrista et. al. (2023). Kamus Filsafat: Filsafat Umum, Filsafat Islam, Filsafat katolik, Filsafat Hindu-Buddha. Anak Hebat Indonesia.
Anshari, I. (2020a). Wujudiyah Mulhidah di Jawa Pada Abad 16. Majalah Ar-risalah, 46.
Anshari, I. (2020b). Wujudiyah Mulhidah di Jawa Pada Abad 16. Majalah Ar-risalah, 47.
Audah, A. R. Al. (2021). Pemikiran Politik Syekh Al Banjari (1710-1812): Dalam Pembinaan Politik Hukum (Lekkas (Red)).
Baali, M. ibn S. (2002a). Syarh Fushus. Dar al-Kutuh al-Ilmiyah.
Baali, M. ibn S. (2002b). Syarh Fushus al-Hikam. Dar al-Kutuh al-Ilmiyah.
Baali, M. ibn S. (2002c). Syarh Fushus al-Hikam Ki Ibni ‘Arabi. Dar al-Kutuh al-Ilmiyah.
Castelo, D. (2012). Theological Theodicy. Cascade Books.
Darmawan, T. B. M. D. and N. (2007). Jalan Setapak Menuju Indonesia Jaya: Perjalanan Spiritual Menelsisik Jejak Satrio Piningit. Cipta Karya Multimedia.
Djamalauddin, A. (2008). Ahmadiyah Dan Pembajakan Al-Qur’an. Leembaga Penelitian dan pengkajian Islam.
Dwi Riyanto et. al. (2023). Aktualisasi Islam: Menjawab Problematika Umat. Pustaka Peradaban.
Endraswara, S. (2018). Mistik Kejawen: Sinkretisme, Simbolisme, dan Sufisme Dalam Spiritual Budaya Jawa. Narasi.
Guyanie, G. El. (2021a). Syekh Siti Jenar: Sejarah,Ajaran dan Kisah Kematian Yang Kontroversial. Araska.
Guyanie, G. El. (2021b). Syekh Siti Jenar: Sejarah,Ajarean dan Kisah Kematian Yang Kontroversial. Araska.
Hadiyanto, A. and Y. A. S. (2021). Pengantar Teori Kliminologi dan Teori Dalam Hukum Pidana. Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Halumi, M. M. (2020). Ibnu al-Faridh. Nasyirun.
Hanriksen, J.-O. (2022). Nietzsche on Morality The Affirmation of Life. Oxford University Press.
Hussain, A. (2024). The Journey as Destination: Ibn ‘Arabi, Jacques Derrida, and Charles Taylor’s Creative Etymology in Contemporary ‘Social Imaginaries’. Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam, 14(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2024.14.1.1-25
Ibrahim, M. M. (2011). IMam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali: Murabbi. Dar Majdalawi.
Iglil Pradigta. (2024). Ibnu Sina: Biografi dan Intisari Filsafatnya. Diva Press.
Ismail, N. (2014a). Relasi islam sempalan, Islam Mapan dan Negara. Samudra Biru.
Ismail, N. (2014b). Relasi Islam Sempalan, Islam Mapan dan Negara. Samudera Biru dan LP3M Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Jon Miller and Brad inwood (Red). (2003). Helenistic and early Modern Philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
Khayyun, R. (1997). Mu‘tazilah al-Bashrah wa baghdad. Dar al-Hikmah.
Larry M. Jorgensen and Samuel Newlands (Red). (2014). New Essays On Leibniz’s Theodicy. Oxford University Press.
Masturi Irham and Mohammad Asmul Tamam (Red). (2018). Antara mazhab Hambali Dengan Salafi Kontemporer: Perbedaan dalam Masalah, Aqidah, Fiqh dan Tasawuf. Pustaka Al-Kautsar.
Mathias Grebe and Johannes Grossl (Red). (2023). Suffering And The Problem of Evil. T & T Clark Handbooks.
Mufid, A. S. (2006). Tangklukan, Abangan dan Tarekat: Kebangkitan Agama di Jawa. Yayasan Obor.
Mulkhan, A. M. (2020). Teologi Kiri. IRCiSoD.
Musa, J. M. (1975). Nasy’atu Al-Asy’ariyah wa Tathawwuruhu. Dar Qahirah.
Nasution, A. B. (n.d.). Ahmadiyah di Mata Cendekiawan (KUmpulan Tulisan Cendekiawan Tentang Fenomena Ahmadiyah Di Media Massa Tahun 2010-2011. Koleksi Pustaka Perpustakaan Arif Rahman Hakim.
Nietzche, F. (2021). God is Dead God Remain Dead And We Have Killed Him. Penguin Books.
Nina Setia Ningsih, S. and N. K. (Red). (2021). Cultural resintance in The Discourse and Mbrokohi, Symbolic Ritual of Sedulur Sikep’S Rice Harvest in Dukuh Bombong, Baturejo of Pati District. In Proceeding of The 2nd International Seminar on Translation Studies, Aplied Linguistic, Literature and Culturall Studies (bl 21). EAI Research Meets Indonesia.
Nurdin, A. et. al. (2018). Gerakan Sosial Keagamaan Di Indonesia. Unimal Press.
Pulungan, S. (2017). Sejarah Peradaban Islam. Bumi Aksara.
Rimmerman, A. (2017). Disability and Community Living Policies. Cambridge University Press.
Rouzati, N. (2015). Trial and Tribulation in the Qur’an: A Mystical Theodicy: A Mystical Theodicy.
Saksono, I. G. (2018a). Tuhan Dalam Budaya Jawa: Ia Mewujud Dalam Diriku, Sekaligus Ia Adalah Gustiku. Kaliwangi dan Ampera Utama.
Saksono, I. G. (2018b). Tuhan Dalam Budaya Jawa: Ia Mewujud Dalam Diriku, Sekaligus Ia Adalah Gustiku. Kaliwangi dan Ampera Utama.
Sayilgan, S. (2024). God, Evil and Suffering in Islam. Cambridge University Press.
Sina, I. (1998a). al-Mabda’ wa al-Ma‘ad. Markaz Furuz.
Sina, I. (1998b). Al-Mabda’ wa al-Ma’ad. Wazara’ al-Turats al-Qaumi al-Tsaqafi.
Siswanggono, H. (2022). Sendiri Menemui-Mu (Kumpulan Sajak). Balai Pustaka.
Stilwell, G. A. (2009). Where Was Good: Evil, Theodicy, and Modern Science. Outskirts.
Suwito, Y. S. (2010). Nilai Budaya dan Filosofi Upacara Sekaten di Yogyakarta. Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan.
TvOneNews. (2023). Panji Gumilang Sebut Allah Tak Mengerti Bahasa Indramayu. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fo7SQlR9aTk
TvOneNews. (2024). Bicara Malaikat Hingga Tuhan. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62SwBBLzNC8
Usman, A. (2012). Kiai Mengaji Santri Acungkan Jari: Refleksi Kritis Atas Tradisi Dan Pemikiran Pesantren. Pustaka Pesantren.
Wain, A. (2022). Malevolent Spirits, Noxious Vapours, and the Will of God. ISLAMIC STUDIES, 61(4), 368. https://doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v61i4.2538
Wibowo, N. S. (2020). Epistemologi Inkar As-Sunnah: Studi Kritis Pemikiran Rashad Khalifa, Edip Yuksel dan Sam Gerrans. Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.
Wijaya, A. (2024). Menusantarakan Islam: Menelususri Jejak Pergumulan Islam Yang Tak Kunjung Usai Di Indonesia. IRCiSoD.
Zhahir, I. I. (2006). Mengapa Ahmadiyah Dilarang?: Fakta Sewjarah dan I’tiqadnya. Darul Falah.
Zhang, T. (2023). A Philosophical Enquiry Into The Natural of Suhrawardi’s Illmuninationism. Brill.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v12i2.19883
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 FIKRAH
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan is published by
Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam IAIN Kudus incorporate with
Asosiasi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam.
Jl. Conge Ngembalrejo Bae Kudus Po Box. 51
Phone: +6282331050629
Website: http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/fikrah
Email: [email protected]
ISSN: 2354-6174 | EISSN: 2476-9649
Fikrah Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan by Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Kudus is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.