The Misinterpretation of Ibn Taymiyyah’s Mardin Fatwa by the Modern Jihadist
Abstract
This article discusses how the Modern Jihadists used Mardin Fatwa of Ibn Taymiyyah as the basis of their ideology and actions. So this research presents its novelty with an explanation of how modern radicalism develops, Ibn Taymiyya’s fatwas which are used as the theological foundations of the radicals, and how Jihadists read Ibn Taymiyyah’s Mardin Fatwa to legitimate their actions. This qualitative research used the primary sources of Ibn Taymiyyah’s works and secondary sources from his students and the Taymiyyan studies as well to enrich the argument of the researcher to result in the conclusion that several statements are quoted and used by the Jihadists to legitimate their radical actions; Anti-Mongol Fatwas I, II, and III, as well as Mardin fatwa with erroneous interpretations and not in accordance with the context behind the issuance of the fatwa. Like Mardin fatwa, for example how radicals read peace and war zones by correlating Islamic government with dar al-silm and conventional government that is not based on Islamic law with dar al-ḥarb then consequently it must be fought as the radicalist did against Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. This is where the importance of understanding Ibn Taymiyyah’s text holistically, intertextually not partially so that it will obtain an understanding that is in accordance with -at least approaching - the original substance of the author.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdullah, A. (2016). Gerakan Radikalisme Dalam Islam: Perspektif Historis. Addin, 10(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.21043/addin.v10i1.1127
Afsaruddin, A. (2013). Striving in the Path of God: Jihad and Martyrdom in Islamic Thought. New York: Oxford University Press.
Afsaruddin, A. (2022). Jihad: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA.
Al-Bukhārī, M. ibn I. (1999). Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Riyāḍ: Dar al-Salām.
Al-Qaraḍāwī, Y. (n.d.). Fiqh al-jihād: Dirāsah Muqāranah liaḥkāmihi wa Flsafatihi fī ḍau’ al- Qur’ān wa al-Sunnah. Kairo: Maṭba‘ah al-Madanī.
Al-Yaqoubi, S. M. (2015). Refuting ISIS: A Rebuttal of its Religious and Ideological Foundations. USA: Sacred Knowledge.
Asmara, M. (2016). Reinterpretasi Makna Jihad Dan Teroris. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 1(1), 65.
Bazzano, E. A. (2015a). Ibn Taymiyya, Radical Polymath, Part 2: Intellectual Contributions. Religion Compass, 9(4), 117–139.
Bazzano, E. A. (2015b). Ibn Taymiyya, Radical Polymath, Part I: Scholarly Perceptions. Religion Compass, 9(4), 100–116. https://doi.org/12114
Bukay, D. (2008). From Muhammad to Bin Laden: Religious and Ideological Sources of the Homicide Bombers Phenomenon. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers.
Cone, C. B. (2017). The English Jacobins. Routledge.
Delong-Bas, N. J. (2008). Wahhabi Islam: from revival and reform to global jihad. Oxford University Press.
Dr. Fadl, ‘Abd al-Qādir bin ‘Abd Al-‘Azīz. (2009). Al-‘Umdah fī I‘dād al-‘Uddah li al-Jihād fī Sabīl Allāh: Rambu-Rambu Jihad. Solo: Syam Publishing.
El-Jaichi, S., & Sabih, J. A. (2022). Preventing Harm. Perspectives on Terrorism, 16(1), 46–59.
Fuchs, S. W. (2013). Do Excellent Surgeons Make Miserable Exegetes? Negotiating the Sunni Tradition in the Jihādī Camps. Welt des Islams, 53(2), 192–237.
Grigore, G. (2006). The Historical Context of Fatwa of Mardin Given by Ibn Taymiyya. In I. Ozcosar & H. Gunes (Ed.), 1st International Symposium of Mardin History Papers, ed. Ibrahim Ozcosar and Huseyin H Gunes, Istanbul (hal. 345–350). Istanbul.
Gwynne, R. W. (2006). Usama bin Ladin, the Qur’an and Jihad. Religion, 36(2), 61–90.
Hasan, N. (2006). Laskar Jihad: Islam, militancy, and the quest for identity in post-New Order Indonesia. SEAP Publications.
Hassan, H. (2015, Januari). The Secret World of ISIS Training Camps Ruled by Sacred Texts and the Sword. The Guardian.
Hoover, J. (2016). Ibn Taymiyya between Moderation and Radicalism. In E. Kendall & A. Khan (Ed.), Reclaiming Islamic Tradition: Modern Interpretations of the Classical Heritage (hal. 177–203). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
Ibn Bayyah, A.-S. al-M. (2020). Mārdīn: Ibn Taimiyyah wa Qatl al-Sādāt. Kairo: Cairo Center for Strategic Studies.
Ibn Taimiyyah, A. ibn ’Abd al Ḥalīm. (1992). Mausū‘ah Fiqh al-Sunnah: Fiqh al-Jihād (Z. S. Al-Kabbī, Ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabī.
Ibn Taimiyyah, A. ibn ’Abd al Ḥalīm. (2004). Majmū’ Fatāwā Syaikh al-Islām Aḥmad ibn Taimiyyah (‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad Ibn Qāsim & M. ibn ‘Abd al-R. ibn M. Ibn Qāsim, Ed.). Riyāḍ: Maṭābi‘ al-Riyāḍ.
Ismail, R. (2019). Reclaiming Saudi Salafism: The Saudi Religious Circles and the Threat of ISIS. Journal of Arabian Studies, 9(2), 164–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2019.1756038
Jad al-Ḥaqq, J. al-Ḥaqq ‘Alī. (1997). Kutaib al-Fariḍah al-Ghaʾibah wa al-radd ʿalaih. In Al-Fatawa al-Islamiyyah min Dar al-Ifta’ al-Miṣriyyah. Kairo: Wizārat alawqāf.
Jad Al-Ḥaqq, J. al-Ḥaqq ‘Alī. (1993). Naqḍu al-Fariḍah al-Ghaibah: Fatwa wa Munāqasyah. Majallah al-Azhar.
Jansen, J. J. G. (1986). The Neglected Duty : The Creed of Sadat’s Assassins and Islamic Resurgence in the Middle East (M. `Abd al-S. F. al-ghaibah Faraj, Ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Khalil, M. H. (Ed.). (2017). Jihad in Islamic Law. In Jihad, Radicalism, and the New Atheism (hal. 18–32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lauzière, H. (2015). The making of Salafism: Islamic reform in the twentieth century. Columbia University Press.
Long-Bas, D., & Islam, N. J. W. (2004). From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Ma’afi, R. H. (2013). Konsep Jihad dalam Perspektif Islam. Kalimah, 11(1), 133–149.
Maihula, J. S. (2021). Ibn Taymiyya in the Literature of Contemporary Jihadists. Mansoura-Mesir: Dar al-Ghad al-Jadīd.
Michot, Y. (2006). Ibn Taymiyya: Muslims under Non-Muslim Rule. Oxford, UK: Interface Publications.
Michot, Y. (2011). Ibn Taymiyya’s “New Mardin Fatwa”. Is genetically modified Islam (GMI) carcinogenic? The Muslim World, 101(2), 130–181.
Michot, Y. (2012). Ibn Taymiyya: Against Extremisms. Beirut: Albouraq.
Mufaizin. (2020). Genealogi Radikalisme Islam Klasik Dan Kontemporer. Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 6(1), 115–126.
Mulcaire, C. (2013). Assessing al-Qaeda from the Teachings of Ibn Taymiyya.
Nasīrah, H. (2015). Matāhah al-Ḥākimiyyah Akhṭā’ al-Jihādiyyin fī Fahmi Ibn Taimiyyah. Beirut: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-‘Arabiyyah.
Peters, R. (1996). Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers.
Pisoiu, D. (2012). Islamist Radicalisation in Europe. Routledge.
Rapoport, Y., & Ahmed, S. (2010). Ibn Taymiyya and his times. Pakistan: Oxford University Press.
Sivan, E. (1983). Ibn Taymiyya: Father of the Islamic Revolution: Medieval Theology & Modern Politics. Encounter, 60(5), 41–50.
Wagemakers, J. (2012). A Quietist Jihadi: The Ideology and Influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wagemakers, J. (2016). Salafism. Oxford University Press.
Wagemakers, J. (2019). Salafism’s Historical Continuity: The Reception of ‘Modernist’ Salafis by ‘Purist’ Salafis in Jordan. Journal of Islamic Studies, 30(2), 205–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/ety049
Wagemakers, J. (2020). Salafism: Generalisation, Conceptualisation and Categorisation. In M. Ranstorp (Ed.), Contextualising Salafism and Salafi Jihadism (hal. 21–54). Copenhagen: Nationalt Center for Forebyggelse af Ekstremisme.
Weismann, I. (2021). New and Old Perspectives in the Study of Salafism. Bustan: The Middle East Book Review, 8(1), 22–37.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v10i2.16961
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 FIKRAH
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan is published by
Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam IAIN Kudus incorporate with
Asosiasi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam.
Jl. Conge Ngembalrejo Bae Kudus Po Box. 51
Phone: +6282331050629
Website: http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/fikrah
Email: fikrah@stainkudus.ac.id
ISSN: 2354-6174 | EISSN: 2476-9649
Fikrah Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan by Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Kudus is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.