Philosophical Baseline of the Religious Pilgrimage and Its Significance for Dialogue among Religions

Ustadi Hamsah, Habib Zarbaliyev, Moh Soehadha

Abstract


As a religious phenomenon, pilgrimages have varying orientations. The diversity of orientations is determined by the level of motivation and meaning of the symbols attached to the pilgrimage. The connection between exposure and awareness of pilgrimage becomes the basis for pilgrims to interpret deeper aspects. The problem that arises later is the axiological interpretation of pilgrimage. In this reflective and theoretical study, the data was collected through in-depth reading about the pilgrimage of currently available academic literature. By applying philosophical analysis, the following article seeks to trace the most profound meaning of pilgrimage for creating positive interfaith relations. This study concludes that the most profound aspect of pilgrimage consciousness is archetypes that explain the uniformity of the spirit of pilgrimage carried out by the people of the religions. With that archetype, interfaith relations are easy to build because of the awareness of humanity and the apparent solidarity among religious adherents

Keywords


pilgrimage, interfaith dialogue, solidarity

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al-Ajarma, K. (2021). After hajj: Muslim pilgrims refashioning themselves. Religions. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12010036

Atkinson, J. (2009). Networked Activists in Search of Resistance: Exploring an Alternative Media Pilgrimage Across the Boundaries and Borderlands of Globalization. Communication, Culture & Critique. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2009.01032.x

Aulet, S. (2020). Pilgrim’s motivations: A theoretical approach to pilgrimage as a peacebuilding tool. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage.

Bahm, A. J. (1993). Axiology: The Science of Values. Rodopi B.V.

Belém, J. M., Pereira, E. V., Cruz, R. de S. B. L. C., & Quirino, G. da S. (2021). Divinization, pilgrimage, and social inequality: Experiences of women in the access to obstetric assistance. Revista Brasileira de Saude Materno Infantil. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042021000100017

Bellia, C., Scavone, V., & Ingrassia, M. (2021). Food and religion in sicily—a new green tourist destination by an ancient route from the past. Sustainability (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126686

Blackwell, R. (2010). Motivation for pilgrimage: using theory to explore motivations. Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis. https://doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67360

Bourgeois, M., & Friedkin, N. E. (2001). The distant core: social solidarity, social distance and interpersonal ties in core–periphery structures. Social Networks, 23(4), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8733(01)00033-8

Boyd, R. (2016). My Pilgrimage in Mission. International Bulletin of Mission Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/2396939315625981

Brito, J. A. T. de. (2021). A Espritualidade Translegiliosa Nas Romarias e Peregrinações: o Caso do Juazeiro do Padre Cícero Romão. Paralellus Revista de Estudos de Religião - UNICAP. https://doi.org/10.25247/paralellus.2021.v12n29.p125-149

Brumec, S. (2022). Life changes after the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage, including a deeper sense of spirituality. Journal for the Study of Spirituality. https://doi.org/10.1080/20440243.2022.2042948

Buitelaar, M., Stephan-Emmrich, M., & Thimm, V. (2020). Muslim Women’s Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond. In Muslim Women’s Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003110903

Butler, J. (2020). Contemporary Pagan Pilgrimage: Ritual and Re-Storying in the Irish Landscape. Numen. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341604

C.G. Jung. (1991). The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious (Second Edi). Routledge.

Chen, J., Zhang, P., Shang, Y., & Li, Z. (2020). National identity construction by Chinese youths in Tiananmen square: political pilgrimaging and geographic microblogging. Chinese Journal of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2020.1810088

Clancy-Smith, J., Coleman, S., & Elsner, J. (1997). Pilgrimage: Past and Present in the World Religions. The American Historical Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2171269

Eenwyk, J. R. Van. (1997). Archetypes & Strange Attractors: The Chaotic World of Symbols. Inner City Books.

Eliade, M. (1987). The Sacred and the Profane: the Nature of Religion. Harcourt, Barce & World, Inc.

Farra-Hadad, N. (2021). Mount Hermon (Jabal El Sheikh) in Lebanon, a sacred biblical mountain: Pilgrimages, traditions and rituals. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage.

Frazer, J. G. (2009). The Golden Bough: A Study of Magic and Religion. The Floating Press.

Geary, D., & Shinde, K. (2021). Buddhist Pilgrimage and the Ritual Ecology of Sacred Sites in the Indo-Gangetic Region. Religions. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060385

Gottowik, V. (2020). Ritual, Sex and the Body: Heterodox Ritual Practices at Pilgrimage Sites in Central Java. Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2020.1800811

Guyette, F. (2017). The journeying self: From narcissism to solidarity and doxology. Frontiers of Narrative Studies. https://doi.org/10.1515/fns-2017-0006

Haller, S., & Munro, D. (2021). The winning narrative: The social genesis of pilgrimage sites. In International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage.

Hole, Y., Khedkar, E. B., & Pawar, S. (2019). The significance of pilgrimage tourism to sustainable development with special reference to the Indian context. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure.

Huang, Y. (1995). Religious pluralism and interfaith dialogue: Beyond universalism and particularism. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01318322

Jaelani, A. (2017). Halal Tourism Industry in Indonesia: Potential and Prospects. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2899864

Kalarikkal, N. (2020). Beyond the boundaries of Kochi: A study of raja veera keralavarma’s travel narrative to kashi. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. https://doi.org/10.21659/RUPKATHA.V12N3.05

Kalliath, A. (2007). The Christian Pilgrimage Towards a Credible Interfaith Fellowship. Exchange. https://doi.org/10.1163/157254303x00091

Kitagawa, J. (1992). Experience of the Sacred Readings in the Phenomenology of Religion (In Sumner B. Twiss (Ed.)). Brown University Press.

Komter, A. E. (2004). Social Solidarity and the Gift. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614064

Kratochvíl, P. (2021). Geopolitics of catholic pilgrimage: On the double materiality of (religious) politics in the virtual age. Religions. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060443

Kuriakose, J. (2018). Religious Pluralism in Yan Martel’s Life of Pi: A Case of Intertextual Correspondence with Swami Vivekananda’s Religious Philosophy. Advances in Language and Literary Studies. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.2p.138

Lin, Z., Wong, I. K. A., Zhen, X., & Chan, S. H. G. (2021). Doraemon and snow white dreams come true: understanding cartoon pilgrimage travel motivations. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2021.1887056

Lindsay, J. (2018). Pluralismo Vivo: Lived Religious Pluralism and Interfaith Dialogue in Rome. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

Liro, J. (2021). Visitors’ motivations and behaviours at pilgrimage centres: push and pull perspectives. Journal of Heritage Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2020.1761820

Lobato, R. M., & Sainz, M. (2020). On the way to fusion through the pilgrims’ route: Factors that maintain identity fusion in collective rituals. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430219849690

Lücking, M. (2021). Breaching Boundaries in Muslim and Christian Tourism from Indonesia to Israel and Palestine. TRaNS: Trans-Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia. https://doi.org/10.1017/trn.2021.12

Malinowski, B. (1948). Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays. The Free Press.

Margry, P. J. (Ed.). (2008). Shrines and Pilgrimage in the Modern World. Amsterdam University Press.

Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346

Miller, P. (1983). Axiology: A metaphysical theme in ethics. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 17(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00159680

Mohammed Babiker Alawad. (2021). Maximizing Rituals of Pilgrimage: A Communicative & Cognitive Analysis: تعظيم شعائر الحج: تحليل معرفي تواصلي. المجلة العربية للعلوم و نشر الأبحاث. https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.b191119

Moscarelli, R., Lopez, L., & González, R. C. L. (2020). Who is interested in developing the way of Saint James? The pilgrimage from faith to tourism. Religions. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11010024

Nakasone, R. Y. (2013). Spiritual Genealogy: Interfaith and Multicultural Reflections on Spirituality and Aging With an Introduction to the Articles. Journal of Religion, Spirituality and Aging. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2013.738578

Nambiaparambil, A. (2008). Narratives of a Dialogue Pilgrim. In Religion and the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1163/156852908X271051

Nelson-Becker, H., Pickard, J., Aitch, G., & Buettner, A. (2020). Older Adults Walking the Camino de Santiago Pilgrimage: Motivations, Transformations, and Spiritual Perspectives. Innovation in Aging. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2357

Nie, J. B. (2021). The summit of a moral pilgrimage: Confucianism on healthy ageing and social eldercare. Nursing Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020944446

Nkuna, V. G. (2021). Comparative Analysis of the State of Religious Pluralism between Intertestamental Palestine and Post-Apartheid South Africa. E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20212123

Norman, A. (2011). Celebrity Push, Celebrity Pull: Understanding the Role of the Notable Person in Pilgrimage. Journal for the Academic Study of Religion. https://doi.org/10.1558/jasr.v24i3.317

Owusu-Ansah, D., & Akyeampong, E. (2019). Religious Pluralism and Interfaith Coexistence: Ecumenicalism in the Context of Traditional Modes of Tolerance. Legon Journal of the Humanities. https://doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v30i2.1

Patwardhan, V., Ribeiro, M. A., Payini, V., Woosnam, K. M., Mallya, J., & Gopalakrishnan, P. (2020). Visitors’ Place Attachment and Destination Loyalty: Examining the Roles of Emotional Solidarity and Perceived Safety. Journal of Travel Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287518824157

Peters, L. (2008). Sacred Hospitality: Christian Youth on Pilgrimage in a Muslim Land. Review & Expositor. https://doi.org/10.1177/003463730810500109

Peters, L. L. (2007). Pastor and People: An Interfaith Pilgrimage. Review & Expositor. https://doi.org/10.1177/003463730710400104

Piraino, F. (2017). Pilgrimages in Western European Sufism. In Muslim Pilgrimage in Europe. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315597089

Pratt, B. M., & Marsh, K. (2020). Love Walks: The Sojourned Self, Social Solidarity, and Pilgrimage. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

Rahimi, B., & Amin, M. (2020). Digital technology and pilgrimage: Shi’i rituals of Arba’in in Iraq. In Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture. https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-bja10006

Raj, S. J. (2002). Transgressing boundaries, transcending Turner: the pilgrimage tradition at the shrine of St. John De Britto. Journal of Ritual Studies.

Rambe, T. (2020). Mukti Ali’s Contributions to Interreligious Harmony in Indonesia. Al-Lubb: Journal of Islamic Thought and Muslim Culture (JITMC). https://doi.org/10.51900/lubb.v2i1.8588

Rashid, S., & Ratten, V. (2021). Spirituality and entrepreneurship: integration of spiritual beliefs in an entrepreneurial journey. Journal of Enterprising Communities. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-12-2020-0199

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Essential of Organization Behavior. Pearson.

Rountree, K. (2006). On the Road to being There: Studies in Pilgrimage and Tourism in Late Modernity. Journeys to the Goddess: Pilgrimage and Tourism in The New Age, Brill.

Rubinstein, B. B. (1980). On the Psychoanalytic Theory of Unconscious Motivation and the Problem of its Confirmation. Noûs, 14(3), 427. https://doi.org/10.2307/2214967

Smarat, N. (1997). The World’s Religions. Cambridge University Press University Press.

Smart, N. (1996). Dimension the Sacred: An Anatomy of the World’s Beliefs. University of California Press.

Smith, J. E. (1992). Experience of the sacred: readings in the phenomenology of religion (I. S. B. Twiss (Ed.)). Brown University Press.

Sobry, M., & Purnamasari, T. I. (2021). Motivation and Experience of Sacred Tomb Pilgrimage: Learnings from the Sasak Tribe Lombok. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage.

Sołjan, I., & Liro, J. (2022). The changing roman catholic pilgrimage centres in Europe in the context of contemporary socio-cultural changes. Social and Cultural Geography. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2020.1739322

Susanta, Y. K., & Upa, F. (2021). From Debate to Dialogue: Authentic Interfaith Friendship from The Perspective of Christian Theology. Dialog. https://doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v44i1.408

Tisdell, E. J. (2020). Re-searching spirituality and culture: Transformative pilgrimage learning and living answers into Big Questions. Journal for the Study of Spirituality. https://doi.org/10.1080/20440243.2020.1726055

Vila, N. A., Cardoso, L., De Araújo, A. F., & Fraiz Brea, J. A. (2020). Pilgrimage or tourism? Travel motivation on Way of Saint James. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTA.2020.113922

Wang, J., Luo, Q., Huang, S. (Sam), & Yang, R. (2020). Restoration in the exhausted body? Tourists on the rugged path of pilgrimage: Motives, experiences, and benefits. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100407

Yan, H. (2018). The many voices of pilgrimage and reconciliation. Journal of Heritage Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873x.2018.1457476

Zatsepina, N. (2021). Pilgrimage as a socio-cultural phenomenon on the example of major world religions (philosophical approach). Grani. https://doi.org/10.15421/172107




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v10i2.16718

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 FIKRAH

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.



Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan is published by

Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam IAIN Kudus incorporate with

Asosiasi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam.

Jl. Conge Ngembalrejo Bae Kudus Po Box. 51
Phone: +6282331050629
Website: http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/fikrah
Email: [email protected]

ISSN: 2354-6174 | EISSN: 2476-9649

Creative Commons License
Fikrah Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan by Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Kudus is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.