Nation Building in Southeast Asia: Conflict, Ethno-Religious Nationalism and Islamic Education in Indonesia and Thailand
Abstract
This article aims to describe the nation-building discourse and movement in Southeast Asia, particularly in Aceh-Indonesia and Pattani-Thailand. The significance of this research lies in the fact that these two regions share similar characteristics. Among them are socio-cultural and religio-political situations as conflict-affected areas with the dynamics of national discourse, and fluctuate views on national integration with the state. Islamic educational institutions in these two regions have contributed significantly in the formation of the nation-state. Dayah in Aceh and Pondok in Pattani not only serve as the centres of Islamic studies and character building for the community, but also function as the stage for social, cultural and political movements. Thus, Dayah and Pondok became the institutions to shape Islamic extremist as well as the agent to strengthen political identity. This article attempts to explain the genealogy of Islamic education and the metamorphosis of national discourse in these two regions. In addition, this article will also reveal the role of local actors in ethno-religious discourses and movements, and the response of the state and its apparatus in efforts to maintain national unity and statehood
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anderson, B. (2001). Imagined Communities. Komunitas-Komunitas Terbayang (Terjemahan), Yogyakarta. Insist Press dan Pustaka Pelajar.
Azra, A. (2017). Surau: Pendidikan Islam Tradisi dalam Transisi dan Modernisasi. Kencana.
Chong, T. (2009). Nationalism in Southeast Asia: Revisiting Kahin, Roff, and Anderson. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 24(1), 1–17.
Due-Reh, A., & Paksi, A. K. (2021). The Tragedy of Conflict Irresolution: Peace Dialogue in Southernmost Thailand. International Conference on Sustainable Innovation Track Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICSIHESS 2021), 206–217.
Elson, R. E. (2009). The idea of Indonesia. Penerbit Serambi.
Farid, H. (2004). Demi kebenaran: pemetaan upaya-upaya pencarian keadilan dalam masa transisi di Indonesia. ELSAM.
Fitriah, A. (2017). Decentralization, identity construction, and conflict: education under Aceh’s special autonomy: a dissertation presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies, Massey University, Palmerston North, . Massey University.
Hasan, M. (1999). The pondok and madrasah in Patani. Bangi: Pemebit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Ichwan, M. N., Salim, A., & Srimulyani, E. (2020). Islam and dormant citizenship: soft religious ethno-nationalism and minorities in Aceh, Indonesia. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 31(2), 215–240.
Ishak, O. S. (2013). Aceh pasca konflik: kontestasi 3 varian nasionalisme. Bandar Publishing.
Jitpiromsri, S. (2019). The deep South of Thailand: 15 years in fields of open conflict, violence and peace narratives. Asian International Studies Review, 20(1), 79–108.
K Che Man, W. (1990). Muslim separatism: the Moros of southern Philippines and the Malays of southern Thailand. Oxford University Press.
Ka-do, H. (2017). Peranan Babo dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Islam di Thailand (Studi Kasus di Ma’had Attarkiah Islamiah). Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar.
Kahin, G. M. T. (1995). Refleksi Pergumulan Lahirnya Republik. Nasionalisme Dan Revolusi Di Indonesia. Surakarta: UNS Press Dan Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
Kellas, J. G. (1998). The politics of nationalism and ethnicity. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Keyes, C. F. (2003). Ethnicity and the Nation-State: Asian Perspective. Paper Presented.
Latif, Y. (2013). Negara paripurna. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Liow, J. C. Y. (2006). Muslim resistance in Southern Thailand and Southern Philippines: Religion, ideology, and politics.
Lubis, N. A. F. (2002). From Armed Rebellion to Cultural Resistance. A study of The Changing Identities of Malay-Muslims in Southern Thailand. Faculty of Syari’ah Institute of Islamic Studies North Sumatra.
Lukens-Bull, R. (2010). Madrasa by any other name: Pondok, pesantren, and Islamic schools in Indonesia and larger Southeast Asian region. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 4(1), 1–21.
Madmarn, H. (1999). The Pondok and the Madrasah in Pattani. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Press.
Nilsen, M. (2012). Negotiating Thainess: Religious and National Identities in Thailand’s Southern Conflict. Lund University.
Ockey, J. (2021). Pattani or Patani: Memory, forgetting, history, and the conflict in Southern Thailand. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 62(2), 179–192.
Pitsuwan, S. (1982). Islam and Malay nationalism: A case study of the Malay-Muslims of southern Thailand. Harvard University.
Rahimmula, C. (2003). Peace resolution: a case study of separatist and terrorist movement in Southern border provinces of Thailand. Songkhlanakarin Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 10(1), 98–112.
Rahmah, R. (2020). Memelayukan Patani Kembali: Konflik dan Gerakan Etnisitas di Patani, Thailand Selatan. UIN Ar-Raniry.
Searle, P. (2002). Ethno-Religious Conflicts: Rise or Decline? Recent Developments in Southeast Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 1–11.
Sujatmiko, I. G. (2012). Conflict transformation and social reconciliation: The case of Aceh, Indonesia. Asian Social Science, 8(2), 104.
Suryo, D. (2003). Pendidikan Sebagai Upaya Membangun Sikap Kebangsaan Melalui Nilai-nilai Pluralitas Budaya Bangsa. Historika Volum, 1.
Talib, N. (2004). Book Review: The Pondok and the Madrasah in Patani.
von Feigenblatt, O. F. (2009). The Thai ethnocracy unravels: A critical cultural analysis of Thailand’s socio-political unrest. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 1(3), 583–611.
von Feigenblatt, O. F. (2010). The Importance of Culture in Emic Interpretations of the History of Thailand’s Southern Separatist Movement: The’Gentlemen’s Agreement’of 1943 and the Malaysian Relationship with the Separatists. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 2(1), 46–56.
Wirosarjono, S. (1998). Budaya Daerah dan Ketahanan Nasional” dalam Regionalisme, Nasionalisme, dan Ketahanan Nasional. Jogjakarta. UGM Press.
Yusuf, I. (2007). The Southern Thailand conflict and the Muslim world. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 27(2), 319–339.
Interviews
Interview with Mukhlisuddin, 14 October 2019.
Interview with Danial, 13 October 2019.
Interview with Hasan Sama Ae, 30 September 2019.
Interview with Abdulrazak Panaemalae, 21 August 2019.
Interview with Teungku Muhammad Alkaf, 25 October, 2019.
Interview with Suhardi, 20 August 2019.
Interview with Abdulroheem Mad-adam, 21 August 2019.
Interview with Haji Syukur, 23 August 2019.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v10i1.14588
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 FIKRAH
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan is published by
Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam IAIN Kudus incorporate with
Asosiasi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam.
Jl. Conge Ngembalrejo Bae Kudus Po Box. 51
Phone: +6282331050629
Website: http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/fikrah
Email: fikrah@stainkudus.ac.id
ISSN: 2354-6174 | EISSN: 2476-9649
Fikrah Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan by Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Kudus is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.