WAQF MANAGEMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW

: This study aimed to create a map of the evolution of waqf management research in indexed journals. This study analyzed keywords, topics, journals, and authors that were published in the Scopus database. This study focuses on a journal published between 2016 and 2021. This year was chosen because waqf management research has continued to advance since 2016. In addition, the scope of this study is restricted to three disciplines: social finance; economics, econometrics, and finance; and business, management, and accounting. There were a total of 93 articles that matched the year and topic criteria. Utilizing the Vosviewer application, the data is processed to determine the bibliometric mapping associated with the advancement of Waqf Management research. As indicated by the findings, the study's focus on waqf management has continued to evolve over the past six years. According to the results of the bibliometric analysis, the Waqf Management theme generates five clusters. Cluster 1 includes 15 topics. Cluster 2 includes 6 issues. Cluster 3 includes 4 issues. And Cluster 9 includes 2 issues. This study also demonstrates the need for further research on Waqf Management as a result of the proliferation of contemporary waqf products resulting from the development of waqf studies. This is necessary to preserve the integrity of the waqf and the management of waqf assets so that they remain within the sharia corridor. Since there isn't a clear way to tell if the performance of waqf institutions has gone up or down, one of the most important areas of research is the creation of performance criteria for waqf institutions. The development of the Integrated Cash-Waqf Micro Enterprise-Investment (ICWME-I) model is the subject of the second widely cited research article (Mohd Thas Thaker, 2018). This study presents a funding model for microbusinesses that incorporates cash waqf (money waqf). This research concludes, based on interviews with six experts in a variety of fields, that ICWME-I will be of great assistance to micro-enterprises in gaining access to traditional financing in order to develop their businesses (Mohd Thas Thaker, 2018). (1) Inappropriate collateral; (2) Legal status; (3) Insufficient Financial Reporting; (4) Incomplete Information and Documentation; (5) Nature and Quality of the Business; (6) Rigid Financing Procedures; and (7) Lack of Awareness in Using Financial Facilities.


INTRODUCTION
In recent decades, waqf has become a topic of interminable discussion. Since the Prophet Muhammad founded waqf with his friends, who began with plantation waqf, the role of waqf as a socioeconomic community enhancer has been evident. History also shows that waqf property can help the government fight poverty, distribute income, improve the quality of education, encourage the growth of businesses run by the people, and give many other benefits (Iskandar, 2017;Mahamood & Rahman, 2016;Supratman, 2019). With what waqf is and how it has changed over time, it is important to keep researching things like regulation, governance, and management so that waqf activities can continue to help people.
The waqf is one of the most prominent forms of Islamic social finance; the distinctive nature of this waqf resides in the property's inability to decline in value and its ability to generate benefits for the broader community. This characteristic allows waqf to be utilized over the long term. Obviously, long-term utilization must have a solid plan not only to generate benefits but also to preserve the primary waqf assets that the waqf has mandated. All waqf institutions must carefully prepare the role of waqf management in order to preserve these long-term benefits. Waqf, which used to only include mosques, tombs, and schools, is now being developed as a source of funding for state Sukuk investments, health services, housing subsidies, improving the quality of education, increasing micro-enterprise capital, and many other good things (Abd. Wahab, Maamor, Zainol, Hashim, & Mustapha Kamal, 2021;Raja Adnan, Abdul Mutalib, & Ab Aziz, 2021;Shahriar, Alam, Said, & Monzur-E-Elahi, 2018;Yakob et al., 2021).
In recent years, the development of waqf has also received special attention in Indonesia. Even more encouraging is the National Waqf Agency's (BWI) announcement that the pandemic had no effect on waqf, particularly cash waqf, as evidenced by a 17 percent increase in waqf receipts from Rp. 66.35 billion in 2020 to Rp. Similarly, the growth of the two periods of cash waqf collection increased by 235.29 percent, from Rp. 255 M in the first period 2011-2018 to Rp. 855 AD in the second period 2018-2021. However, since the amount of cash waqf collected has not been matched by its utilization, it is necessary to develop unique formulas to expedite the utility of cash waqf collected from the community. As for waqf on the land, mosques, prayer rooms, and madrasas remain the most prevalent uses (3M) (figure 1). Meanwhile, there are still very few other social activities. Waqf assets can be utilized in a variety of ways, such as by integrating cash waqf and land waqf so that health services can be provided through the waqf system, as has recently begun in the Malang region (Qurrata, Narmaditya, Seprillina, & Hussain, 2019), or by converting waqf land that is less productive to land that can be productive, such as rice fields, gardens, and fields, using a variety of formulas.
For all of waqf's potential, the need for regulation and effective management of waqf is the next requisite for the institution's success. All forms of waqf activities, from downstream to upstream, including fund collection, management of waqf assets, and distribution of benefits resulting from waqf management, must adhere to specific guidelines that serve as a guide for waqf institutions. Waqf must have a solid foundation for financial management, human resources, administration, and all forms of infrastructure, lest it be shattered once more. Also, both the government and the community need to be involved, because history shows that the waqf system can help people, not just Muslims, but people in all countries where the waqf system is used in a systematic and quantitative way. The authors are interested in the scope of the research map regarding Waqf management. They believe that the management of waqf assets is necessary to preserve the integrity of the waqf itself. The waqf ordered that the waqf assets be used to help the community as a whole, and this can still be done.
Bibliometrics has been used in a number of previous studies to determine what major themes have been researched in a study and how research has developed in certain areas, such as what was done by Rusydiana and As-Salafiyah (2020) regarding Covid-19 and halal food, which have been extensively researched over the last two years, specifically since Covid struck the country. This study also discovered that the demand for halal food supplies increases during a pandemic. Laila's (Laila et al., 2021) research using the same methodology revealed that research with the theme of energy economics in Islamic countries has multiple major research themes, so this can serve as a guide for future researchers to fill in unstudied topics. Energy economics research to expand our understanding.
This study also uses bibliometrics by carrying the themes of waqf management for a number of reasons, including the direction of future Waqf management research. Waqf management can be studied further in various areas, including waqf assets, collection, and distribution accountability. Human resources and waqf assets are the managers of waqf assets. Second, to determine the number of authors who have conducted research on management; and third, to identify the significant clusters on the topic of Waqf Management.
Improving waqf management is a necessary component of the advancement of civilization. The success of the management will determine whether or not the waqf property is productive. If waqf assets are managed productively, it will be possible for marginalized communities in particular to improve their welfare, and vice versa. This continuous waqf must be maintained so that continuous benefits can also be provided. The research conducted by Sapuan (2021) identifies several factors that can maintain the sustainability of waqf, including: (1) the capacity and capability of the waqf property manager, or nazir; (2) an entrepreneurship program on the management of waqf assets investment; (3) the use of possible infrastructures, such as the use of a digitalization system that can connect waqf information throughout the country; and (4) good governance, or what can be referred to as good governance.

RESEARCH METHODS
This is a qualitative study that uses bibliometrics to look at the journals that were used as the unit of analysis to see how Waqf Management research has changed over time. Using the VOSviewer application, these journals were analyzed to generate data for analysis. As a tool for processing data, VOSviewer is a reliable way to make these maps, which is something that other computer programs can't do well enough. Bibliometrics was chosen because it can display map images from multiple perspectives (Laila et al., 2021). Bibliometrics is also used because it can be used to look at a large number of publications and pieces of information all at once. It can also be used to look at how collaboration networks change over time and how often certain quotes and words are used (Melo, Martins, & Pereira, 2020). Bibliometrics also shows pictures that make it easier for people to understand and analyze information (Zhu & Wang, 2018).
Using the VOSviewer application to analyze data produces data in the form of trends for the Waqf Management theme. Journals published within the Scopus database serve as the source of research data. Scopus was chosen because it has the most citations and abstracts of scientific articles, proceedings, and conferences that have been reviewed by other scientists than any other database. (van Nunen, Li, Reniers, & Ponnet, 2018). The keyword "waqf management" was used to find 93 articles that could be used as research data. The articles had to be published between 2016 and 2021, and they had to be about social finance, economics, econometrics, and finance, or business, management, and accounting.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The publications included in this study were found on the Scopus website and were tagged with "waqf management." Without filtering on specific points, 141 articles published between 1995 and 2021 were retrieved from the search results using these keywords (picture). From 1995 to 2021, research on the issue of waqf management increased. For six years (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003), there was no new research till 2021. The researchers filtered papers from 2016 to 2021, focusing mainly on three research subjects: social science, economics, econometrics, and finance, and business, management, and accounting. This was done since the keyword waqf management was trending that year.

Figure 2 : Annual Research Number
This review of the literature utilizes articles found on the Scopus page for "waqf management." Without applying any filters, 141 articles published between 1995 and 2021 and containing these keywords were extracted from the search results (picture). The image depicts waqf management research conducted in 1995, with the same research increasing from 2015 to 2021. It underwent a six-year research void from 1998 to 2003 before evolving in 2021. From 141 For these articles, researchers only considered social science, economics, econometrics, and finance articles published between 2016 and 2021, as well as business, management, and accounting articles. This was done due to an increase in searches for the keyword waqf management that year.
Quantitative research methods were employed by only five of the 93 articles on diverse topics. However, qualitative research was employed for the remaining 88 case studies, exploratory studies, and literacy studies.

GEOGRAPHIC
In this study of literacy, it was discovered that Malaysia, Indonesia, and India were the countries most frequently used as research subjects. Malaysia has become the subject of the most research due to the country's already excellent regulations on the Islamic financial system in all areas, including both commercial and social finance. Each state in Malaysia has its own management system for waqf, which is then reported to the central government.  1. displays the ranking of the ten most-cited articles on the topic of waqf administration. This post was written by Nazrul. According to Noordin, Haron, and Kassim (2017), there is no appropriate standardization for measuring performance evaluation in social institutions, particularly waqf institutions. If anything, it is still quite diverse and limited to evaluating the financial statements' performance. There is no standardization of performance evaluation utilizing quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate the performance of waqf institutions from a variety of perspectives. As depicted in Figure 4, they offer eight (eight) steps for constructing what is known as a Performance Measurement System (PMS) as a result of their research into various articles. The development of the Integrated Cash-Waqf Micro Enterprise-Investment (ICWME-I) model is the subject of the second widely cited research article . This study presents a funding model for microbusinesses that incorporates cash waqf (money waqf). This research concludes, based on interviews with six experts in a variety of fields, that ICWME-I will be of great assistance to micro-enterprises in gaining access to traditional financing in order to develop their businesses (

KEYWORD MAPPING
After conducting a meta-analysis, this section will display a visual mapping of the graphics of published papers on waqf management. Keywords serve as the foundation for generating an event-mapping based on the terms contained in a particular body of research. In response, the keyword mapping identifies five clusters; The Cluster 5, purple, consists of 2 keywords, namely HEIs (Higher Educational Institute) and Pakistan.
Noordin conducted research on the Waqf Management topic as both the first and second author on three separate occasions between 2016 and 2020. Noordin's article discusses developments in the preparation of performance measurements at waqf institutions (Noordin et al., 2017), setting parameters on investment using waqf funds (Sulaiman et al., 2019), and compiling human resource performance at zakat institutions (A. Hasan et al., 2019). Meanwhile, 22 other authors conducted research on the same topic twice.

YEAR OF PUBLICATION
The mapping information ranging from dark purple to light yellow reveals the classification of keywords by publication year (figure 7) based on the color gradient from dark purple to light yellow. In this literature review, darker colors represent the initial research year of 2016, while lighter colors represent the current year of publication.
These data (figure 7) illustrate the keywords utilized between 2016 and 2021.
According to the results of this bibliometric analysis, the most popular Waqf Management-related keywords in 2016 were Property, Paper, Asset, Benefit, Endowment, and Foundation. In recent years, the keywords Sustainability, Hospital, Heis (Higher Educational Institutions), and Pakistan have been utilized frequently.
The largest round indicates that Waqf, Management, and Malaysia are the most frequently used keywords in the mapping data. In the meantime, the connecting line indicates how closely one keyword is related to other keywords. Based on the results of the meta-analysis of the above data, the following information was gleaned from previous research on the evolution of the field: First, research on waqf management continues to advance from year to year, particularly in terms of collection (Shulthoni & Saad, 2018), management (Osman & Agyemang, 2020), and distribution of the benefits of waqf assets to improve the socioeconomic life of the community (Hossain, 2020;Medias, Rahman, Susamto, & Pambuko, 2021;Shahriar et al., 2018). However, this success must be continuously evaluated on several points, including (1) the lack of an appropriate standard to measure the performance of waqf institutions (Noordin et al., 2017), so as to increase the level of public trust to become a waqif in private and public waqf institutions (R. Hasan, Ahmad, and Siraj, 2020).
(2) the development of human resources to administer waqf institutions, also known as nazhir. The role of Nazhir is very important for making sure that waqf assets are properly managed and used.
Waqf governance is also the subject of ongoing research (R. Hasan et al., 2020;Kamaruddin & Hanefah, 2021;Syakur, Yuswadi, Sunarko, & Wahyudi, 2018). One of them is the proposed corporate management of waqf (Raja Adnan et al., 2021;Ramli, Fahmi, Darus, & Ismail, 2018). In order for waqf assets to grow, the corporate management of waqf presents a contradiction between waqf as a social financial instrument and how it is managed as a business. This requires Good Corporate Governance (GCG) of waqf, which differs significantly from conventional GCG, particularly in terms of supervision. A Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) is required not only in Islamic financial institutions, but also to assist Nazhir with waqf property management activities so that they remain within the sharia corridor. It is hoped that this way of running waqf institutions will help them gain a lot of trust (Sapuan & Zeni, 2021).
Thirdly, research on waqf management in the field of education still falls under the purview of higher education (Mohaiyadin & Aman, 2021; Muhammad & Asmak, 2020), whereas waqf management in schools under the purview of higher education is still very limited. Obviously, the different levels necessitate distinct management approaches. The results of this study can be utilized by various schools to enhance the quality of their education through waqf. In Indonesia, a nation comprised of numerous islands, utilizing the waqf system to improve the quality of education in the interior is a challenge in and of itself. Consequently, the depth and quality of urban education can also be felt in rural areas. Teachers serving in remote schools no longer need to be concerned about their facilities and safety.
In addition, the Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia is one of the educational institutions that contributes to the growth of community welfare. Likewise, research in this field is still in its infancy. The difficulty lies in the fact that these Islamic boarding schools use a model of waqf funding that cannot be generalized to Indonesia's diverse culture. Future waqf activists will face the challenge of creating a model for use as a guide. Because education is important, but it can also improve the lives of the people in the area around the Islamic Boarding School. This helps the economy of the country grow.
Fourth, waqf management using a crowdfunding system is a topic that has received scant research attention. According to the Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) World Giving Index, Indonesia, which is the most generous country, could be an additional opportunity to collect waqf funds from a variety of parties. With the increasing prevalence of digitalization in all spheres, waqf with crowdfunding can integrate with fintech crowdfunding to reach Generation Z youth who are very familiar with technology. Before, it was important to keep improving waqf literacy, which has still not reached 50%.

CONCLUSION
This study employs only 93 articles published in the Scopus database between 2016 and 2021, and only in three subject areas: social finance, economics, econometrics, and finance, and business, management, and accounting. This study's research limitations can serve as a springboard for future research that investigates the subject of Waqf Management in greater depth. Researchers can use this method of meta-analysis and bibliometric analysis to add the following to their research problems: No research on the topic of Waqf Management employs a mixed-methods research approach, i.e., the simultaneous use of quantitative and qualitative research techniques to obtain exhaustive results. Even based on the results of the meta-analysis, most Waqf management studies still use qualitative research methods. Indonesia is in charge of making the Waqf Core Principle (WCP). Because of this, it is important to look into how this WCP is used in all types of waqf institutions so that reporting standards for waqf assets can be improved. Especially in Indonesia, the management of waqf assets in institutions of higher education, such as Islamic boarding schools, is still very limited. Because of the Islamic board school system, there are many waqf-based educational institutions in Indonesia. This part of waqf management needs to be looked into. Further research can also investigate waqf management with a crowdfunding system to develop the potential for collecting waqf and utilizing waqf assets more broadly as it relates to digital applications.