Integrating Hifz Al-Bi'ah from Abdul Majid An-Najjar into Fatwas and Plastic Waste Management Policies in Indonesia
Abstract
This study examines the philosophical coherence and practical effectiveness of Indonesia’s plastic waste management policies through Abdul Majid An-Najjar’s concept of hifz al-bi'ah within the contemporary Maqasid al-Shariah framework. Despite the enactment of government regulations and religious edicts to address the growing plastic waste crisis, few studies have evaluated these policies using hifz al-bi'ah as an analytical framework. This study aims to assess the relevance and implementation of Indonesia’s plastic waste policies based on An-Najjar’s theory. Employing a normative-juridical and philosophical approach, this qualitative library research analyzes Law No. 18 of 2008, Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.75/2019, and MUI Fatwa No. 41 of 2014 through qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that these legal instruments reflect four principles of hifz al-bi'ah: protection from environmental damage, pollution, excessive consumption, and environmental revitalization. However, policy implementation remains ineffective due to the dominance of end-of-pipe waste management, weak enforcement of Extended Producer Responsibility obligations, and the non-binding legal status of religious fatwas. The study concludes that stronger regulatory enforcement and integrated environmental governance are necessary to realize the objectives of hifz al-bi'ah in Indonesia.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Journal Articles with DOI:
Anggayasti, U. H., Effendy, F. S. W., & Pinilih, S. A. G. (2025). The Producer Responsibility in Plastic Waste Management: A Balance between Consumer Protection and Environmental Sustainability. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1537(1), 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1537/1/012026
Azzahra, S., & Siti Maysithoh. (2024). Peran Muslim Dalam Dalam Pelestarian Lingkungan: Ajaran Dan Praktik. At-Thullab : Jurnal Mahasiswa Studi Islam, 6(1), 1568–1579. https://doi.org/10.20885/tullab.vol6.iss1.art8
Bachtiar, Y. (2021). Analisis Maqashid Al-Syari’ah Terhadap Kebijakan Pengurangan Penggunaan Kantong Plastik Di Kota Bogor. Jurnal Syarikah, 7(2), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.30997/jsei.v7i2.4585
Bénard, F., & Malet-Damour, B. (2022). Assessing potential of plastic waste management policies for territories sustainability: case study of Reunion Island. World Development Sustainability, 1, 100030. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WDS.2022.100030
Derysmono, D., & Al-Kahfi. (2025). Islamic Environmental Ethics and Waste-to-Energy Innovation: Insights from the Quran. JOURNAL OF QUR’AN AND HADITH STUDIES, 14(1), 134–154. https://doi.org/10.15408/QUHAS.V14I1.45155
Erianto, R., Hasibuan, I. M., & Batubara, M. (2024). Blue Economy Perspektif Maqashid Syariah. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Pelita Bangsa, 09(01), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.37366/jespb.v9i01.1143
Eriza, F., Supraktika, H., Asrori, Nasution, L. Z., Sutrisno, J., Nuryadin, D., Yasin, A., & Pribadi, M. A. (2024). Islamic Ethics in Waste Management to Prevent Environmental Damage: A Fatwa Perspective of the Indonesian Ulema Council. Journal of the International Society for the Study of Vernacular Settlements, 11(1), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.61275/ISVSej-2024-11-01-10
Fahrudin, M., & Triadi, I. (2024). Kebijakan Hukum Pemerintah Dalam Mengatasi Plastik Sekali Pakai Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Lingkungan. Jurnal Relasi Publik, 2(3), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.59581/jrp-widyakarya.v2i3.3355
Fatkhurrozi, T., & Fageh, A. (2024). The Development Of The Rempang Island Industrial Area From The Perspective Of Abdul Majid Al-Najjar’s Maqashid Sharia. 4(2), 242. https://doi.org/10.31538/mjifm.v4i2.330
Haqiqi, A. Z., Firmansyah, A. Z., Rahman, An. F., Kurnia, I. F., & Firdaus, R. (2025). Perspektif Maqashid Syariah Al-Bi’ah Dalam Mengatasi Degradasi Lingkungan Krisis Ekologi Di Indonesia. SYIRKAH: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 2(1), 8–24. https://doi.org/10.59755/alhisab.v1i2.68
Istiani, M., & Muhammad Roy Purwanto. (2019). Fiqh Bi’ah Urgensi Teologi Al-Quran. At-Thullab : Jurnal Mahasiswa Studi Islam, 1(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.20885/tullab.vol1.iss1.art2
Jayasinghe, R. R., Abeyrathna, W. P., Hendawitharana, M. P., Liyanage, C., Williams, K., & Halwatura, R. U. (2024). Overcoming policy gaps for effective plastic waste management: A case study of Dikkowita Fishery Harbour, Sri Lanka. Marine Policy, 161, 106028. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MARPOL.2024.106028
Jerry Shalmont, Christabella, S., Jessy Yohanes, & Saragih, R. B. C. (2025). Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) di Indonesia: Tantangan Regulasi dan Solusi Peningkatan Kepatuhan. PUSKAPSI Law Review, 5(1), 76–100. https://doi.org/10.19184/PUSKAPSI.V5I1.53729
Johannes, H. P., Kojima, M., Iwasaki, F., & Edita, E. P. (2021). Applying the extended producer responsibility towards plastic waste in Asian developing countries for reducing marine plastic debris. Waste Management & Research, 39(5), 690. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X211013412
Kanojia, M., & Basu, B. (2025). Discrete-time deterministic model for ocean plastic waste management linked to GDP and policy incentives. Nonlinear Science, 5, 100064. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NLS.2025.100064
Kibria, M. G., Masuk, N. I., Safayet, R., Nguyen, H. Q., & Mourshed, M. (2023). Plastic Waste: Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate Pollution and Effective Management. International Journal of Environmental Research 2023 17:1, 17(1), 20-. https://doi.org/10.1007/S41742-023-00507-Z
Khuluq, M. K., & Asmuni, A. (2024). Hifz Al-Bi’ah as Part of Maqashid Al-Shari’ah and Its Relevance in the Context of Global Climate Change. Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies (IJIIS), 7(2). https://doi.org/10.20885/IJIIS.VOL7.ISS2.ART3
Lelan, E. S., & Dalle, K. H. (2021). Jayapura City Development, Plastic Waste, and Enggros Village Community: A Green Theory Perspective. Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 1(2), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.31957/pjdir.v1i2.1788
Mufid, M. (2023). Reasoning Ecological Fatwas: The Progressive Response of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) to the Phenomenon of Climate Change in Indonesia. Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum, 20(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v20i02.4824
Muhammad Nizar Arvila Putra, Nadia Ardyta Zahrani, Tsabita Az Zahra, Berliana Clara Bella, Arsya Ghaniyyah Hariyadi, Dhea Salsa Fadhila, Sunny Akrom Al Abiyyu, Rahma Rini Khalisa Firdausi, Marchiko Naufal Justicio, Ahmad Kamalul Albar, & Pandu Firmansyah. (2024). Sampah Plastik sebagai Ancaman terhadap Lingkungan. Aktivisme: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Politik Dan Sosial Indonesia, 2(1), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.62383/aktivisme.v2i1.725
Nathanael, S. C., Xaviera, G. H., Yohanes, J., Kwu, P. S., & Putra Nugraha, D. (2025). Implementasi Regulasi Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) dalam Daur Ulang Limbah Fast Fashion di Indonesia. JIHHP, 5(5), 2025. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v5i5
Natmisatur Rohma, is, Octavia Sari, N., Wibi Ditia, O., & Srinalendra Shakthi, K. (2023). Upaya Pemerintah Mengurangi Sampah Plastik Di Tulungagung. Bureaucracy Journal: Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance, 3(3), 2379–2389. https://doi.org/10.53363/bureau.v3i3.327
Naying, L., Xintong, M., Bo, Z., Xiaofeng, W., Xin, L., Zao, Y., Honghui, L., & Yixin, H. (2025). Potential ecological risk of microplastics contamination to environment in protect area lakes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 485, 136863. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2024.136863
Nurmalasari, D., Milda, Andrian, N., Priyanto, A. K., & Taryana, A. (2024). Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik Menjadi Produk dan Jasa Kreatif. Journal of Comprehensive Science, 3(7), 2183–2192. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59188/jcs.v3i7.751
Rahayuningtyas, C. M., Sodri, A., & Astuti, L. T. M. (2023). Partisipasi Masyarakat dan Produsen dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Saset di Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Sosial, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v14i1.3419
Orhorhoro, E. K. (2025). A review of plastic waste management for a sustainable environment: Composition and approaches. European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 9(3), em0314. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/16359
Paramita, N. W. S. G., & Firmansyah, A. (2024). Efektifitas Kebijakan Plastik Berbayar Di Indonesia Dalam Upaya Pengurangan Pencemaran Sampah Plastik. Jurnalku, 4(2), 210–221. https://doi.org/10.54957/jurnalku.v4i2.673
Purnomo, C. E., Priadi, C. R., Ombasta, O., Suwarso, R., Marthanty, D. R., DzakwanTaufik, F., Holden, J., & Hadfield, P. (2024). Development of an economically viable plastic recovery waste management system in Cibodas and Padamukti Village, West Java. E3S Web of Conferences, 485, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1051/E3SCONF/202448505005
Salim, M. L. (2021). Maqasid As-Sharia Hifz Al-Bi’ah in Responding to the Policy of the Cement Factory In Pati. Santri: Journal of Pesantren and Fiqh Sosial, 2(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.35878/santri.v2i1.282
Samanta, P., Dey, S., & Ghosh, A. R. (2025). Regulations, policies and acts related to plastic wastes management in different countries. Environmental Hazards of Plastic Wastes: Bioremediation Approaches for Environmental Clean-Up, 337–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-23599-3.00035-6
Sayuti Enggok, M., Normajatun, & Anhar, D. (2022). Government Policy of the City of Banjarmasin on Reducing the Use of Plastic Bags (A Case Study of A Government Policy of the City of Banjarmasin). International Journal of Social Science (IJSS), 1(5), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v1i5.1302
Segovia-Mendoza, M., Nava-Castro, K. E., Palacios-Arreola, M. I., Garay-Canales, C., & Morales-Montor, J. (2020). How microplastic components influence the immune system and impact on children health: Focus on cancer. Birth Defects Research, 112(17), 1341–1361. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1779
Sen, K., & Dey, S. (2025). Microplastics in Surface Waters: A Critical Review of Emerging Challenges and Future Perspectives. Environmental Quality Management, 35(2), e70262. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.70262
Ssenoga, D., Ntayi, J. M., Walugembe, A., Nuwagaba, D., Kusemererwa, C., & Kimuli, S. (2026). Theorizing household plastic waste reduction in low-resource urban contexts: Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior, social marketing, norms, and structural opportunity. A systematic literature review. Cleaner Waste Systems, 15, 100540. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLWAS.2026.100540
Syauqi, M., Askar, R. A., & Ghofur, A. (2025). Ekologi dan Hadits: Analisis tentang Peran Manusia sebagai Khalifah di Bumi. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 2(10), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15427257
Syihab, Z. (2021). The Innovation of Al-Najjar’s Thought in Maqashid al-Shari’ah. MIMBAR Agama Budaya, 38(1), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.15408/mimbar.v38i1.23375
Tanan, C. I., Duri, J. A., & Tamanbali, D. U. (2021). Dampak Penerapan Kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap Eksternalitas Sampah Plastik di Kota Jayapura. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(2), 228–241. https://doi.org/10.33059/jseb.v12i2.2848
Taurozzi, D., Gallitelli, L., Cesarini, G., Romano, S., Orsini, M., & Scalici, M. (2024). Passive biomonitoring of airborne microplastics using lichens: A comparison between urban, natural and protected environments. Environment International, 187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108707
Velis, C. A., & Cook, E. (2021). Mismanagement of Plastic Waste through Open Burning with Emphasis on the Global South: A Systematic Review of Risks to Occupational and Public Health. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(11), 7186–7207. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.EST.0C08536
Wang, Y., Fang, L., Zhao, L., Dhiman, V., Kumar, A., Chaudhary, A., & Shershneva, E. G. (2021). Plastic Waste: Global Impact and Ways to Reduce Environmental Harm. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1079(6), 062047. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1079/6/062047
Wani, N. H., & Azhar, A. (2024). Islamic Environmental Ethics: Preserving the Sacred Balance. IJFMR - International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.36948/IJFMR.2024.V06I03.20924
Zulliandi, Y. B. (2026). Islamic ecotheology and environmental fatwas in government policy integration: A literature review of Indonesia’s strategy to achieve net zero emissions by 2060. Green Governance: Exploring Politics, Social Justice, and the Environment, 3(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.61511/gg.v3i1.2026.3159
Journal Articles without DOI (when DOI is not available):
Agripina, A., & Santoso, D. T. (2024). Efektivitas Kampanye Pengurangan Penggunaan Kantong Plastik pada Ritel Alfamart: (Studi Kasus Indonesia Darurat Sampah Plastik). Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, Dan Humaniora, 2(1), 351–367. https://jurnal.kolibi.org/index.php/kultura/article/view/935
Jumiarsih, S., Maleha, N. Y., & Saprida. (2026). Dampak Program Ekonomi Hijau Terhadap Perilaku Konsumen dalam Pengurangan Penggunaan Plastik di Farmers Market Palembang. Jimesha, 6(1), 71–84. https://jim.stebisigm.ac.id/index.php/jimesha/article/view/844
Marlia, A., Susanti, E. D., Kurniawan, H., Ilham, Sari, P. A., Angelina, R., Fatihah, F., & Almaulidi, M. D. (2024). Telaah Ayat Al-Quran Tentang Menjaga Lingkungan Hidup. Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Akademik, 1(3), 578-584. https://ejurnal.kampusakademik.co.id/index.php/jmia/article/view/1596
Musleh, & Rahman, A. (2024). Dampak Penggunaan Plastik Sekali Pakai Terhadap Lingkungan Bisnis. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA)), 2(6), 3031–5220. https://jurnal.mediaakademik.com/index.php/jma/article/view/586
Nazar, M., Zahra, S., & Nazar, A. (2024). Peran Komunitas Agama Islam Terkait Recycling Pengelolaan Sampah: Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Islam. Halu Oleo Law Review, 8(2), 224–241. https://holrev.uho.ac.id/
Nurdiansyah, R., & Iskandar, N. (2022). Penggunaan Kantong Plastik Dalam Jual Beli: Telaah Fatwa Mejelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Nomor 41 Tahun 2014. Jurnal MEDIASAS: Media Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah, 5(2), 212–224. https://jurnal.kopertais5aceh.or.id/index.php/mediasas
Rahmah, Y. P., Sudewi, S., Hidup, P. L., Bantul, D., Pengendalian, K. B., Pengelolaan, D., … Id, Y. C. (2022). Bantul Bersama Dalam Pengendalian Kerusakan Tanah. Jurnal Riset Daerah, XXII(3). https://ojs.bantulkab.go.id/index.php/jrd/article/view/79/67
Ramadani, N. S., & Ismail, A. C. (2023). Pandangan Agama Islam dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepedulian Lingkungan. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Seni, Sains Dan Sosial Humanioral, 2, 1–25. https://journal.forikami.com/index.php/nusantara/article/view/669
Ramandei, L., & Rorrong, S. D. (2023). Persepsi Masyarakat dan Pengusaha Retail Terhadap Kebijakan Pengurangan Penggunaan Plastik dan Penerapannya di Kota Jayapura. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(3), 10818–10831. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/3440
Rathore, S. (2026). Extended Producer Responsibility and Plastic Waste Management: Regulatory Challenges and Compliance Gaps. International Journal on Science and Technology (IJSAT), 17(1), 1–11. https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2026/1/10544.pdf
Santosa, T. A. (2024). Evaluasi Kebijakan Pengendalian Sampah Plastik Terhadap Kelestarian Lingkungan Hidup Di Kota Semarang. Journal of Politic and Government Studies, 13. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpgs/article/view/43583/0
Subu, Y. Y., & Bala, K. B. (2024). Faktor Penyebab Penumpukan Sampah Plastik Di Kota Merauke Dan Upaya Untuk Melestarikan Lingkungan Melalui Ensiklik Laudato Si. Jurnal Jumpa, 12(1), 66–86. https://ojs.stkyakobus.ac.id/index.php/jumpa/article/view/164/137
Witsqa Firmansyah, Y., Fathan Fuadi, M., Fadli Ramadhansyah, M., Sugiester, F. S., Widyantoro, W., Yayank Lewinsca, M. (2021). Keberadaan Plastik di Lingkungan, Bahaya terhadap Kesehatan Manusia, dan Upaya Mitigasi: Studi Literatur. Serambi Engineering, VI(4). https://ojs.serambimekkah.ac.id/jse/article/view/3471
Proceedings with DOI:
Angriani, P., Muhaimin, M., Hastuti, K. P., Adyatma, S., & Saputra, A. N. (2021). Ban on Plastic Bags Usage: Consumer Perception of Single-Use Plastic Bags in Traditional Market. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences Education (ICSSE 2020), 525, 226–232. https://doi.org/10.2991/ASSEHR.K.210222.036
Saputra, A. S., Susiani, I. R., & Syam, N. (2021). Hifdh Al-Bī’ah as part of Maqāsid Al-Sharī’ah: Yūsuf Al-Qardāwy’s perspective on the environment in Ri’āyat al-Bī’ah fi Sharī’ah al-Islām book. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2353. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0052768
Book:
Najjar, A. M. A. (2008). Maqashid as-Syariah bi Ab’ad Jadidah (2nd ed.). Dar al Gharb al Islami.
Website:
BRIN. (2024, July 26). 11,3 Juta Ton Sampah di Indonesia Tidak Terkelola dengan Baik. Deputi Bidang Riset Dan Inovasi Daerah | BRIN. https://brin.go.id/drid/posts/kabar/113-juta-ton-sampah-di-indonesia-tidak-terkelola-dengan-baik
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/yudisia.v17i1.33708
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 YUDISIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum dan Hukum Islam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.