Contesting Sacred Architecture: Politics of ‘Nation-State’ in the Battles of Mosques in Java

Achmad Fawaid, Zamroni Zamroni, Hasan Baharun

Abstract


This study aims to figure out a ‘political’ contestation of sacred mosques in Java and the ways the Javanese respond to the global architecture of the Middle Eastern Islam. By using a historical narrative method, this article describes a fact that some ‘sacred’ architectures which shaped from the national mosques became a site of battles between the modern Islamic and traditional Javanese worldviews and explores the continuum debate over architecture, culture, and power of Islam in Java through various events since the fifteenth until today. This study, finally, results in the issues related to not merely the almost unsolved dispute over modern and traditional architectures, between pan-Islamic modernists and Javanese traditionalists, but most importantly, the past stories and silent ideology behind the building of these mosques, and by doing so, it also questions our primordial understanding of nation-state.


Keywords


Islam; Java; mosques; architecture

Full Text:

PDF

References


Acciaoli, G. (1985). (1985). “Culture as Art: From Practice to Spectacle in Indonesia”,. Canberra Anthropology, 8(1–2), 148–172.

Akihary, H. (1990). Architectuur & Steddebouw in Indonesie 1870-1970. Zutpen: De Walburg Pers.

Al-Sayyad, Nezar, E. (1992). Forms of Dominance: On the Architecture and Urbanism of the Colonial Enterprise. Aldershot: Avebury.

Amir Hamzah. (2017, April 12). Menyerupai Salib, Pengamat: Bentuk Fisik Masjid Hasyim Asy’ari Menyimpang. Republika, p. 3.

Anderson, Benedic, and O’Gorman, R. (1997). Language and Power Exploring Political Culture in Indonesia. Ithaca, NY: Cornel University Press and Jakarta: Equinox.

Anderson, B. (2006). Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia. Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur: Equinox.

Anthony D King. (1976). Colonial Urban Development:Culture, Social Power, and Environment. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Benda, J. (1958). The Crescent and the Rising Sun: Indonesia Islam under the Japanese Occupation 1942-1945. ‘s-Gravenhage: W. Van Hoeve.

Brenda, Y. (1996). Contesting Space: Power Relations and the Urban Built Environment in Colonial Singapore. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cholid, Mohamad, and B. D. (1988). Takdir Mendebat Kubah Masjid. Tempo, 107.

Dijk, K. van. (2007). The Changing Contour of Mosques.” In P. J. M. Nas, ed. The Past in the Present: Architecture in Indonesia. Rotterdam: NAi.

Dovey, Kim, & P. (2010). (2010). “Monas and Merdeka Square. In K. Dovey, ed. Becoming Places: Urbanism/Architecture/Identity/Power (p. 153–165.). London: Routledge.

Errington, S. (1998). The Death of Authentic Primitive Art and Other Tales of Progress. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Fawaid, A. (2015). Contesting Double Genealogy: Representing Rebellion Ambiguity in Babad Tanah Jawi. International Journal of Heritage of Nusantara, 4(2), 243–260.

Feith, H. (1958). The Wilopo Cabinet 1952-1953: A Turning Point in Post Revolutionary Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox.

Florida, N. (1995). Writing the Past, Inscribing the Future: History as Prophecy in Colonial Java. Durham: Duke University Press.

Gugler, J. (2004). World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development, and Inequality. Cambridge: Cambirdge University Press.

Gwendolyn, W. (1991). The Politics of Urban Design in French Colonial Urbanism. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Handinoto. (1996). Perkembangan Kota dan Arsitektur Kolonial Belanda di Surabaya (1780-1940). Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

Hasan, I. (2009). Architecture and the Politics of Identity in Indonesia. The University of Adelaide.

Hitchcock, M. (1997). Indonesia in Miniature. In . In Michael Hitchcock & Victor T. King, Images of Malay-Indonesia Identity (pp. 227–235). Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

Hobsbawm, E. (1983). Introduction: Inventing Traditions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hong, F. (2006). Sport, Nationalism, and Orientalism: The Asian Games. London: Routledge.

Jessup, H. (1985). Dutch Architectural Visions of the Indonesia Tradition. Muqarnas, No. 3.

Kusno, A. (2000). Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space, and Political Culture in Indonesia. London: Routledge.

Kusno, A. (2003). The Reality of One-Which-Is-Two. Journal of Architectural Education, (57)(1), 57–67.

Legge, J. D. (2003). Soekarno: A Political Biography. Michigan, NY: Archipelago Press.

Luqman, A. (1986). Heboh Peninggalan Sunan Kudus. Tempo, 62.

Macdonald, G. M. (1995). Indonesia’s Medan Merdeka: National Identity and the Built Environment. Antipode, 27(3), 270–293.

MacRae, G. (2011). Negotiating Architecture Worlds in Indonesia: The Work of Eko Prawoto. The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies, 29(1), 92–119.

Maussen, M. J. M. (2009). Dutch Colonialism, Islam and Mosques. In Maussen, Marcel. J. M. Constructing Mosques: The Governance of Islam in France and the Netherlands (pp. 91–106). Amesterdam: University of Amesterdam.

Nas, P. J. M. (1993). Jakarta, City Full of Symbols. In Peter J. M. Nas, ed. Urban Symbolism (pp. 13–37). Leiden: Brill.

Nas, P. J. M. (2003). Ethnic Identity in Urban Architecture: Generations of Architects in Banda Aceh”. In Peter J. M. Nas, ed. Indonesian Houses. Leiden: KITLV: 133-153.

O’Neill, H. (1993). Islamic Architecture under the New Order. In Virginia M. Hooker, ed. Culture and Society in New Order Indonesia (pp. 151–165). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

O’Neill, H. (1994). Southeast Asia. In Martin Frishman and Hasan-Uddin Khan, eds. The Mosque: History, Architectural Development and Regional Diversity (pp. 224–240). London: Thames & Hudson.

Pemberton, J. (1994). On the Subject of “Java.” Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Reid, A. (2002). Island of the Dead. Why do Bataks Erect Tugu? In H. Chambert-Loir & A. Reid, The Potent Dead: Ancestors, Saints, and Heroes in Contemporary Indonesia (pp. 88–102). Sydney and Honolulu: Allen and Unwin and University of Hawaii Press.

Rudi, A. (2017, April 21). (2017). “Mengintip Masjid Raya KH. Hasyim Asy’ari”. Kompas. 21 April: 2. Kompas, p. 2.

Saliya, Yuswadi, Hariadi, and G. T. (1990). Contemporary Expressions of Islam in Buildings: Indonesian Experience. Paper presented at the seminar on Contemporary Expressions of Islam in Building, sponsored by the Aga Khan Ward for Architecture, Yogyakarta (Oct. 16-19).

Santoso, R. B. (2000). Menegosiasikan Orientasi Simbol Masjid dan Pengaruhnya di Indonesia. Bandung: Institiut Teknologi Bandung.

Sharif, H. M. (2013). Mosques in Islands Southeast Asia, 15th-20th Century. SOAS University of London.

Soekarno. (1990). Bung Karno dan Islam: Kumpulan Pidato tentang Islam, 1953-1966. Jakarta: CV Haji MasAgung.

Steenbrink, K. A. (1993). Dutch Colonialism and Indonesian Islam: Contacts and Conflicts 1596-1950. Amsterdam: Rodopi.

Sukada, B. A. (1999). (1999). “The emergence of a New Indies style.” In G. Tjahjono (Ed.),(Indonesian). Jakarta: Archipelago Press.

Waterson, R. (1997). The Living House: An Anthropology of Architecture in South-East Asia. London: Thames and Hudson.

Wiryomartono, B. (2012). The Politics of Development in Indonesia: The Aesthetic Culture and Power Play in Architecture and Urban Design. International Journal of Urban Science, 16(2), 203–223.

Wolters, O. W. (1982). History, Culture, and Religion in Southeast Asian Perspectives. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v7i1.4365

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.