Bahasa Arab dan Struktur Sosial Gender: Tinjauan Literatur atas Representasi dan Bias Linguistik
Abstract
Fenomena bias gender dalam bahasa Arab menunjukkan bagaimana sistem linguistik merefleksikan sekaligus melanggengkan struktur sosial patriarkal. Bahasa tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai sarana komunikasi, tetapi juga instrumen ideologi yang membentuk persepsi masyarakat mengenai peran laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, berdasarkan artikel jurnal terbit tahun 2016–2024 yang dianalisis melalui teknik koding tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola representasi dan bentuk bias. Hasil kajian menemukan tiga temuan utama: pertama, buku terbuka dan soal ujian bahasa Arab masih sarat bias gender dengan dominasi laki-laki di ranah publik dan perempuan di ranah domestik; kedua, teks keagamaan dan sastra menampilkan representasi perempuan yang kompleks, baik sebagai sosok bawahan maupun simbol perlawanan; ketiga, struktur gramatikal mudhakkar–mu’annats memperkuat dominasi laki-laki. Bahasa Arab berfungsi sebagai cermin struktur sosial sekaligus sarana reproduksi yang bias, meski terdapat indikasi pergeseran menuju representasi yang lebih egaliter.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/arabia.v18i1.35449
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