Gender Equality and Equity with Mubadalah Concept and Its Implementation in Islamic Education

Wilis Werdiningsih, Ahmad Natsir

Abstract


Gender equality study is the study that will continously be discussed in human life. The study of gender examines the diverse roles of women and men in community life. The concept of mubadalah is of the new studies in gender equality. The concept of mubadalah is way of looking at two relations, namely man and woman, in which both of them as dignified human beings who are able to take advantages of all aspects of life for their good. Education is an important means of educating people who are knowledgeable and have noble character. Gender-based education is the foundation in creating a gender responsive young generation. This study aims to examine more deeply the concept of mubadalah and its implementation in Islamic education. This study used qualitative approach and the type of this research is library research. Data were obtained from various sources relate to the concept of mubadalah and Islamic education. The results show that the concept of mubadalah is one of the concepts of gender equality which can be used as a reference for understanding gender equality and equity that seeks to see women and men as servants of Allah swt. which is the subject of the texts in Al-Qur’an as well as in their interpretation. Education in an Islamic perspective becomes a forum for teaching gender equality through the design of a gender responsive education component.

Keywords


Mubadalah Concept; Gender Equality; Islamic Education

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adinugraha, and Hendri Hermawan. “Kewenangan dan Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Perspektif Gender: Suatu Analisis Tinjauan Historis.” Jurnal Marwah 7, no. 1 (2018).

Adriana, Iswah. “Kurikulum Berbasis Gender: Membangun Pendidikan yang Berkesetaraan.” Jurnal Tadris 4, no. 2 (2009).

Asifa, Falasipatul. “Pemikiran Pendidikan Muhammad Abduh dan Kontribusinya terhadap Pengembangan Teori Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 15, no. 1 (2018).

Asrohah, Hanun. Sosiologi Pendidikan. Surabaya: Kopertais Press, 2018.

Azra, Azyumardi. Islam Substantif: Agar Umat Tidak Jadi Buih. Jakarta: Mizan, 2000.

Dahri, Nurdeni. “Kesadaran Gender yang Islami.” Jurnal Marwah 13, no. 2 (2014).

Fakih, Mansour. Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2004.

Fathonah, Parisaktiana. “Pemikiran Pendidikan Fazlur Rahman dan Kontribusinya terhadap Pengembangan Teori Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 15, no. 1 (2018).

Gustiana, Jelli. “Bias Gender dalam Proses Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal Marwah 13, no. 1 (2014).

Habibullah, and Rahma Fitrianti. “Ketidaksetaraan Gender dalam Pendidikan: Studi pada Perempuan di Kecamatan Majalaya Kabupaten Karawang.” Sosiokonsepsia 17, mo. 1 (2012).

Hasan, Hamka. Tafsir Gender. Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Departemen Agama RI, 2009.

Huda, Miftahul. “Peran Pendidikan Islam terhadap Perubahan Sosial.” Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam 10, no. 1 (2015).

Kartini, R.A. Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang, trnsl. Armijn Pane. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1978.

Kodir, Faqihuddin Abdul. Qira’ah Mubadalah. Yogyakarta: Ircisod, 2019.

Neufeldt, Victoria. Webster’s New World Dictionary. New York: Webster’s New World Clevenland, 1984.

Ramayulis. Filsafat Pendidikan Islam: Analisis Filosofis Sistem Pendidikan Islam. Jakarta: Kalam Mulia, 2015.

Sa’i, Mad. “Pendidikan Islam dan Gender.” Jurnal Islamuna 2, no. 2 (2015).

Soekarno. Sarinah: Kewadjiban Wanita dalam Perdjoangan RI. Jakarta: Panitia Penerbit Buku Soekarno, 1963.

Supardin. “Kajian Gender Perspektif Hadis Nabi.” Jurnal Al-Fikr 17, no. 1 (2013).

Werdiningsih, Wilis. “Analisis Kesetaraan Gender pada Pembelajaran Program Keahlian Teknik di SMK PGRI 2 Ponorogo.” Kodifikasia: Jurnal Penelitian Islam 14, no. 1 (2020).




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v14i2.7179

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 ADDIN

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indexed by:

 data:image/png;base64,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 

  

ADDIN by Research Center of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Kudus, Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.