HUKUM ISLAM DI ERA DEMIKRASI: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG BAGI FORMALISASI POLITIK SYARI'AT ISLAM DI INDONESIA

Nurrohman Nurrohman

Abstract


ISLAMIC LAW IN THE ERA OF DEMOCRACY. Challenges and Opportunities for a formalization of Islamic Politics in Indonesia: This paper describes the long journey of struggle to include the Islamic teaching into constitution and laws of Indonesia, the challenges faced by some muslims who would establish Islamic teaching through state institutions and the extent to which the opportunities provided by the democracy in Indonesia which can be used by muslims to offer what they consider to be Islamic laws. Attempts to include the Islamic teaching (Shari’ah) in the constitution of the republic of Indonesia appeared before this state is officially declared. Before that, the founders of the state have been arguing about the foundation of the state. Most of them want the basic state of Indonesia is Islam, while others require that the state of Indonesia’s basic is nationalism. The first compromise was reached at the time of the founders of state agreed that the Jakarta Charter which combines elements of nationalism and Islam will be the opening of the country’s constitution.

Keywords


Laws; Islam; Democracy; Politics; Indonesia

References


Aguswandi, “Say No to Conservative Islam”, The Jakarta Post, Agustus 30, 2006.

B.J. Bolan, Pergumulan Islam di Indonesia, Jakarta: Grafiti Pers, 1985.

Basya, M. Hilaly, “Radicalism and Authoritarianism”, The Jakarta Post, Januari 30, 2006.

Dahrendorf, Ralf, “Is Secularism Coming to an End?”, The Jakarta Post, November 15, 2006.

Dijk, C. van, Darul Islam: Sebuah Pemberontakan, Jakarta: Grafiti Press, 1987.

Djiwandono, J. Soedjati, “Misinterpreted Democracymay Lead to Tyranny”, The Jakarta Post, Oktober, 2006.

Honoris, Charles, “Democracy at the Crossroads in Indonesia after 61 Years”, The Jakarta Post, September 15, 2006.

Latief, Hilman, “Syafii Maarif: Moderation and the Future of Muhammadiyah”, The Jakarta Post, Mei 7, 2005.

M. Adhiatera, “Interfaith Dialog: Agre to Disagree”, The Jakarta Post, Mei 2, 2006.

Maftuhin, Arif, “The Secularization of Islamic Law”, The Jakarta Post, Juni 22, 2006.

Nurrohman, “Syari’at Islam, Negara Islam, dan Transformasi Hukum Islam”, Forum Studi asy-Syari’ah, Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial, Volume 25, Nomor 2, Juli-Desember 2002.

Rahman, Fazlur, “Islam Challenges and Opportunies”, dalam Alford T. Welch and Piere Cachia (ed.), Islam: Past Influence and Present Challenge, Edinbrugh: Edinbrugh University Press, 1979.

Wendy Asbeek Brusse dan Jan Schoonebom, “Islamic Activism and Democratization”, dalam ISIM( International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World), Review 18, 2006.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v9i1.611

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2015 ADDIN

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indexed by:

 data:image/png;base64,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 

  

ADDIN by Research Center of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Kudus, Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.