PENGATURAN KONTRAK DALAM VALIDITAS MUAMALAT

Abstract

Kebebasan berkontrak dalam kegiatan muamalah merupakan kebebasan dalam menentukan bentuk-bentuk perjanjian yang digali berdasarkan dalil-dalil umum dalam Islam. Nas-nas al-Quran dan Sunnah Nabi serta kaidah-kaidah fiqih menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam menganut asas kebebasan berkontrak. Mayoritas ulama fiqih sepakat bahwa keridaan (kerelaan) merupakan berdirinya sebuah akad (kontrak). Di lain sisi larangan unsur riba, gharar, maisir/qimar juga tidak dianjurkan dalam suatu perikatan kontrak. Larangan- laranga tersebut dimaksudkan agar menjaga harta agar tidak hilang dan menghilangkan sikap permusuhan yang terjadi pada orang akibat jenis jual beli ini. Pada akhirnya kesesuaian Kontrak dengan Maqashid Syariah diarahkan menuju perwujudan beragam tujuan untuk kesejahteraan umat manusia.

Kata Kunci: Pengaturan Kontrak, Validitas, Hukum Islam.

THE CONTRACT SETTING IN MUAMALAT VALIDITY. Freedom of contract in muamalah activity is freedom in determining the forms of agreements excavated based on the common arguments in Islam. Texts of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet as well as the rules of jurisprudence show that Islamic law adheres to the principle of freedom of contract. The Majority of fiqh scholars agree that Countenance (willingness) is the establishment of an agreement (contract). On the other hand, the prohibitions of usury, gharar, maisir/ qimar are also not recommended in an engagement contract. These bans are intended to keep the property from being lost and eliminate hostility that occur in people due to this type of purchase. Finally, the Contract conformity with Sharia maqashid is directed towards the realization of a variety of pur poses for the welfare of mankind.

Keyword: The Contract Setting , Validity, Islamic Law.