The Interfaith Nyadran Tradition as a Manhaj of Islam Nusantara Da’wah in the Perspective of Multiculturalism

Ahmad Shofi Muhyiddin, Musahadi Musahadi, Muhammad Sulthon

Abstract


The development of a humanist da’wah model in the midst of multiculturalism can be realized through the interfaith nyadran tradition. The aim of this research is to develop a pioneering model of cultural and multicultural da’wah, with a case study on the interfaith nyadran tradition as a manhaj of Islam Nusantara Da’wah. The author uses an ethnographic-qualitative method in searching and presenting interfaith nyadran tradition data which is then analyzed with a philosophical hermeneutic approach to find manhaj of Islam Nusantara da’wah from a multiculturalism perspective. The results of this study found several findings: First, the interfaith nyadran tradition of Genting village, Jambu district, Semarang Regency is full of multicultural values, including: the value of unity in diversity, the value of respecting and accepting differences in religious, social and cultural backgrounds, even organizational groups, values prioritizing togetherness in harmony, the value of equality in the absence of discrimination of the majority over minorities, the value of social justice, the value of good prejudice in social interaction and the value of fighting for human rights. Second, the values of multiculturalism in the interfaith nyadran tradition then become an approach strategy (manhaj) in da’wah based on Islamic dialectics and local cultural traditions that are unique to the archipelago. Third, Islam Nusantara da’wah has several characteristics, namely: da’wah that continuously engages in dialectics with local culture, da’wah that cares for the spirit of multiculturalism, da’wah that avoids religious extremism, and da’wa that fights for human rights. Finally, the interfaith nyadran tradition in the scientific structure of Islam Nusantara da’wah in the perspective of multiculturalism is included in the category of approach strategy (manhaj) based on human creativity (al-manāhij al-basyariyyah), which includes: manhaj ṡaqāfiyyah (cultural approach), al-manhaj al-'āṭifi (feeling approach) and manhaj jamā'iyyah (group approach).

Keywords


The Interfaith Nyadran Tradition; Manhaj of Islam Nusantara Da’wah; Philosophical Multiculturalism

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdalla, Ulil Abshar. “Menimbang Islam Pribumi”. Tashwirul Afkar, Number 14 (2003).

Abidin, M. Zainal. “Islam dan Tradisi Lokal dalam Perspektif Multikulturalisme”. Millah: Journal of Religious Studies 8, No. 2 (2022): 297–309. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol8.iss2.art6.

Achmad, Mukhsin. “The Construction of Discrimination Against the Shi’a Community in Sampang, Madura: a Religious Structural Violence Perspective”. Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum 55, No. 1 (2021): 241-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v55i1.634.

Azar, Edward E. The Management of Protracted Social Conflict: Theory and Cases. New York: Dartmouth, 1990.

Azra, Azyumardi. Islam Nusantara Jaringan Global dan Lokal. Bandung: Mizan, 2002.

Bābakr, Uṡmān Ḥasan. Ḥaqīqah al-Islām wa Jauhar ad-Dīn: Ḥikmah al-Khalq wa ar-Risālah wa al-Murād min al-‘Ālamīn. Miṣr: Dār al-Waṭan, 2002.

Baidhawy, Zakiyuddin. Kebebasan Beragama Perspektif HAM dan Islam. Salatiga: STAIN Salatiga Press, 2011.

Baso, Ahmad. Islam Nusantara: Ijtihad Jenius dan Ijma’ Ulama Nusantara. Tangerang Selatan: Pustaka Afid, 2014.

Baxter, Leslie A. and Barbara M. Montgomery. “A Guide to Dialectical Approaches to Studying Personal Relationships”. In Barbara Montgomery and Leslie Baxter (ed.). Dialectical Approaches to Studying Personal Relationships. New York: Erlbaum, 1998.

Bleicher, Josef. “Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutic”. In Contemporary Hermeneutics; Hermeneutics as Method, Philosophy and Critique. London: Routledge, 2018.

Effendy, Bachtiar. Masyarakat Agama dan Pluralisme Keagamaan: Perbincangan Mengenai Islam, Masyarakat Madani, dan Etos Kewirausahaan. Yogyakarta: Galang Press, 2001.

Fatmawati, Kalsum Minangsih, and Siti Mahmudah Noorhayati. “Jihad Penista Agama Jihad NKRI: Analisa Teori Hegemoni Antonio Gramsci terhadap Fenomena Dakwah Radikal di Media Online”. Islam Futura: Jurnal Ilmiah 17, No. 2 (2018): 214-240. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v17i2.2748.

Foucault, Michel. Disiplin Tubuh: Bengkel Individu Modern. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 1997.

Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Kebenaran dan Metode: Pengantar Filsafat Hermeneutika, trnsl. Ahmad Sahidah. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2004.

Geerzt, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1995.

Gehl, Jan. Life Between Building. New York: Van Nortrand Reinhold Company, 1987.

Ghozali, Abdul Moqsith. “Metodologi Islam Nusantara”. In Akhmad Sahal and Munawir Aziz (ed.). Islam Nusantara: dari Ushul Fiqh hingga Paham Kebangsaan. Bandung: Mizan Pustaka, 2016.

_________. “Tafsir atas Islam Nusantara: dari Islamisasi Nusantara hingga Metodologi Islam Nusantara”. Jurnal Harmoni 15, No. 2 (2016): 20-32.

Gonda, Ali A., Kähler Gowing, and Müller Krüger. “Islam in Indonesia”. BRILL 10, No. 1 (2022): 55-80. DOI: 10.1163/9789004482777_003.

Hasanah, Hasyim. “Hermeneutik Ontologis-Dialektis: Sebuah Anatomi Teori Pemahaman dan Interpretasi Perspektif Hans-George Gadamer dan Implikasinya dalam Dakwah”. At-Taqaddum 9, No. 1 (2017): 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21580/at.v9i1.1785.

Hasyim, Syafiq. Islam Nusantara dalam Konteks: dari Multikulturalisme hingga Radikalisme. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Gading, 2018.

Hilmy, Masdar. Membaca Agama: Islam Sebagai Realitas Terkonstruksi. Yogyakarta: Impuls, 2009.

Ibda, Hamidulloh. “Penguatan Nilai-nilai Sufisme dalam Nyadran Sebagai Khazanah Islam Nusantara”. Jurnal Islam Nusantara 2, No. 2 (2018): 148-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalin.v2i2.92.

Ida, Rachmah and Laurentius Dyson. “Konflik Sunni-Syiah Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Komunikasi Intra-religius Pada Komunitas Di Sampang-Madura”. MKP: Jurnal Masyarakat, Kebudayaan, dan Politik 28, No. 1 (2015): 33-49. DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V28I12015.33-49.

Iqbal, Mahatir Muhammad. “Pendidikan Multikultural Interreligius: Upaya Menyemai Perdamaian dalam Heterogenitas Agama Perspektif Indonesia”. Jurnal Sosio Didaktika 1, No. 1 (2014): 89-98. DOI: 10.15408/sd.v1i1.1209.

Iskandar, Muhaimin. Melanjutkan Pemikiran dan Perjuangan Gus Dur. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2010.

al-Jundi, Anwar. Hasan al-Bannā: ad-Dā'iyah al-Imām wa al-Mujaddid wa al-Syahīd. Damaskus: Dār al-Qalam, 2000.

Lichbach, Mark I. “What Makes Rational Peasants Revolutionary? Dilemma, Paradox, and Irony in Peasant Collective Action”. World Politics: a Quarterly Journal of International Relations 46, No. 3 (1994): 383-418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2950687.

al-Maidāni, Abd ar-Raḥmān Ḥasan Ḥabnakah. Al-Wasaṭiyyah fi al-Islām. Beirūt: Muassasah al-Rayyān, 1996.

Masykur, Fuad. “Jalan Damai Dakwah Islam di Nusantara”. Perada: Jurnal Studi Islam Kawasan Melayu 2, No. 1 (2019): 93-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35961/perada.v2i1.28.

Masykur. “Jalan Damai Dakwah Islam di Nusantara”. Perada: Jurnal Studi Islam Kawasan Melayu 2, No. 1 (2019): 93-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35961/perada.v2i1.28.

Muhyiddin, Ahmad Shofi. “Islamic Boarding Schools and Da’wah of Religious Moderation”. al-Hadharah: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah 22, No. 1 (2023): 81-95. DOI: 10.18592/alhadharah.v22i1.8121.

_________. “Komunikasi Ritual Prosesi Nyadran: Interaksionisme-Simbolik Keberagamaan Masyarakat Desa Genting Kecamatan Jambu Kabupaten Semarang”. At-Tabsyir: Jurnal Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam 6, No. 2 (2019): 194-216. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/at-tabsyir.v6i2.5745.

Mukalam and Siti Murtiningsih. “Hermeneutika Filosofis Hans-Georg Gadamer Sebagai Basis Ontologis Multikulturalisme”. Sosiohumaniora: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 7, No. 1 (2021): 86–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30738/sosio.v7i1.9062.

Muniruddin. “Komunikasi Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam: Analisis Teori Dialektika Relasional”. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat 7, No. 1 (2019): 13-18. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37064/jpm.v7i1.5608.

Muqoyyidin, Andik Wahyun. “Dialektika Islam dan Budaya Lokal dalam Bidang Sosial Sebagai Salah Satu Wajah Islam Jawa”. El-Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam 14, No. 1 (2012): 18-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v0i0.2197.

Najib, Muhammad Ainun and Ahmad Khoirul Fata. “Islam Wasatiyah dan Kontestasi Wacana Moderatisme Islam di Indonesia”. Jurnal Theologia 31, No. 1 (2020): 115-138. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/teo.2020.31.1.5764.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Ideal and Realities of Islam. London: George and Unwin, 1966.

Nurcholish Madjid, et al. Fiqih Lintas Agama: Membangun Masyarakat Inklusif Pluralis. Jakarta: Paramadina, 2004.

Pongpindan. “Islam Khas Indonesia: Metodologi Dakwah Islam Nusantara”. Lentera: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah dan Komunikasi 3, No. 2 (2019): 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21093/lentera.v3i2.1678.

Ramsbotham, Oliver. “The Analysis of Protracted Social Conflict: a Tribute to Edward Azar”. Review of International Studies. 31, No. 1 (2005): 109-126. DOI: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40072074.

Regan, Paul. “Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics: Concepts of Reading, Understanding, and Interpretation”. Meta: Research in Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy 4, No. 2 (2012): 286-303.

Riyadi, Agus. “Kearifan Lokal Tradisi Nyadran Lintas Agama di Desa Kayen-Juwangi Kabupaten Boyolali”. SMaRT: Jurnal Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi 3, No. 2 (2017): 139-153. DOI: 10.18784/smart.v3i2.486.

Rizaty, Monavia Ayu. “Jumlah Penduduk Muslim Indonesia Terbesar di Dunia pada 2022”, 03/11/2022. Accessed from https://dataindonesia.id/ragam/detail/populasi-muslim-indonesia-terbesar-di-dunia-pada-2022.

Saputri, Ravita Mega, Alil Rinenggo, and Suharno. “Eksistensi Tradisi Nyadran Sebagai Penguatan Identitas Nasional di Tengah Modernisasi”. CESSJ: Civics Education and Social Science Journal 3, No. 2 (2021): 99-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32585/cessj.v3i2.2080.

Sinaga, Yesika Theresia. “Komponen cadangan sebagai Wujud Bela Negara dan Strategi dalam Menangkal Ancaman Radikalisme-Terorisme di Indonesia”. Jurnal Pancasila dan Bela Negara 1, No. 2 (2021): 49-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/jpbn.v1i2.5513.

Squires, Judith. “Cultur, Equality, and Diversity”. In Paul Kelly (ed.). Multikulturalism Reconsidered. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002.

Syalafiyah, Nurul and Budi Harianto, “Walisongo: Strategi Dakwah Islam di Nusantara”. J-KIs: Jurnal Komunikasi Islam 1, No. 2 (2021): 41-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53429/j-kis.v1i2.184.

Syam, Nur. Demi Agama, Nusa, dan Bangsa: Memaknai Agama, Kerukunan Umat Baragama, Pendidikan, dan Wawasan Kebangsaan. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2018.

Turhamun. “Multikulturalisme Sebagai Realita dalam Dakwah”. Komunika: Jurnal Komunikasi Islam 10, No. 1 (2016): 154–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v10i1.870.

Turmudi, Endang and Riza Sihbudi. Islam dan Radikalisme di Indonesia. Jakarta: LIPI Press, 2005.

Vandermause, Roxanne K. and Susan E. Fleming. “Philosophical Hermeneutic Interviewing”. iJQm: the International Journal of Qualitative Methods 10, No. 4 (2011): 367-377. DOI: 10.1177/160940691101000405.

Wahid, Abdurrahman. “Pribumisasi Islam”. In Akhmad Sahal and Munawir Aziz (ed.). Islam Nusantara: dari Ushul Fiqh hingga Paham Kebangsaan. Bandung: Mizan Pustaka, 2016.

_________. “Pribumisasi Islam”. In Muntaha Azhari and Abdul Mun’im Saleh (ed.). Islam Indonesia Menatap Masa Depan. Jakarta: P3M, 1989.

_________. Islam Kosmopolitan: Nilai-nilai Indonesia dan Transformasi Kebudayaan. Jakarta: The Wahid Institute, 2007.

_________. Pergulatan Negara, Agama, dan Kebudayaan. Jakarta: Desantara, 2001.

Wangsa, Fadhlina Arief. “Universalitas Ajaran Islam”. Tahdis: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hadis 10, No. 1 (2019): 54-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24252/tahdis.v10i1.10065.

Widiyanto, Asfa. “Nation-Building, Belonging, and Multiculturalism in Indonesia: Contextualising Ibn Khaldun’s Theories and Beyond”. Journal of Ibn Haldun Studies Ibn Haldun University 3, No. 2 (2018): 175-188. DOI: 10.36657/ihcd.2018.43.

Zaid, Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū. Mafhūm an-Naṣ: Dirāsah fi ‘Ulūm Al-Qur’ān. Kairo: al-Haiah al-Miṣriyah al-‘Āmah li al-Kitāb, 1990.

Zuhdi, Muhammad Harfin. “Dakwah dan Dialektika Akulturasi Budaya”. Religia: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 15, No. 1 (2012): 46-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28918/religia.v15i1.122.

Interview and Observassion

Eko Yulianto, Bhabinkamtibmas Genting Village, Interview, October 25, 2022.

Kiai Haryono, Kiai/Religious Leader in Genting Village, Interview, October 25, 2022.

Kiai Samidi, Genting Village Religious Recitation Teacher, Interview, October 25, 2022.

Muhlasin, Head of Genting Village, Interview, October 25, 2022.

Sya’roni, Genting Village Modin, Interview, October 25, 2022.

Tohani, Sapta Dharma Figure from Genting Village, Interview, October 25, 2022.

Ustadz Mahfudz, Genting Village Religious Recitation Teacher, Interview, October 25, 2022.

Wiyono, Genting Village Art-Cultural Activist, Interview, October 25, 2022.

Observassion in Genting Village, Jambu Sub-District, Semarang Regency, April 3-4, 2021.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v17i2.19179

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 ADDIN

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indexed by:

 data:image/png;base64,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 

  

ADDIN by Research Center of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Kudus, Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.