The Development of Concepts in the Wujūdiyya Teachings

Miswari Miswari

Abstract


This article aims to analyze the development of philosophical Sufism of the Wahdat al-Wujūd school or in Malay-Nusantara term called Wujūdiyya. The research approach uses descriptive analysis. The research data use references related to the Wahdat al-Wujūd study. The research findings show that the essence of Sufism is philosophical Sufism. In the early days, philosophical Sufism focused on the philosophical meaning of some verses of Al-Qur’an. The early generations of philosophical Sufism were taught, among others, by Rabi’ah al-Adawiyah and Sufyān ats-Tsaurī. The philosophical study of Sufism was started by Dhu’nūn al-Misrī. Then followed by Abū Yazid al-Bistamī with Hulūl teachings and Abū Mansūr al-Hallaj with Ittihad teachings. The teachings of Hulūl and Ittihad were then questioned by ‘Ain al-Qudhad Hamadanī, because these concepts necessitate duality, even though Wahdat al-Wujūd does not accept dual existence. ‘Urafā at that time did not have adequate language tools to teach Wahdat al-Wujūd. It was only at the time of Ibn ‘Arabī that Wahdat al-Wujūd could be explained systematically and holistically, because at the time of Ibn ‘Arabī, philosophical language was very mature thanks to al-Hikmah al-Masya’iyyah, especially by Ibn Sīnā.

Keywords


Wujūdiyya; Philosophical Sufism; Haqq Ta’ala; 'Urafā; Ibn 'Arabī

Full Text:

PDF

References


al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib. The Mysticism of Hamzah Fansuri. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 1970.

Bagir, Haidar. “Diskusi Pengalaman Religius.” Kanz Philosophia: a Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 1, no. 1 (2011). http://journal.sadra.ac.id/index.php/kanzphilosophia/article/view/9.

———. Semesta Cinta. Bandung: Mizan, 2015.

Bakhsh, Wahid. Sufisme Islam. Jakarta: Sahara Publisher, 2004.

Chittick, Willam C. The Self-Disclosure of God: Principles of Ibn al-‘Arabi’s Cosmology. New York: State University of New York Press, 1997.

———. Imaginal Worlds: Ibn al-‘Arabi and the Problem of Religious Diversity. New York: State University of New York Press, 1994.

Chodri, Abdul Ghaffar. The Mirror of Mohammed. Yogyakarta: Laksana, 2018.

Corbin, Henry. Creative Imagination in the Sufism of Ibn ‘Arabi. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

———. History of Islamic Philosophy. London and New York: Routledge, 2014.

Dabashi, Hamid. “‘Ain al-Qudhat Hamadani and Intellectual Climate in His Times.” History of Islamic Philosophy, Volume 1, ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.

Doorenbos, Johan. De Gefchriften van Hamzah Pansoeri. Leiden: Betteljee and Terpstra, 1933.

Drewes, G.W.J. and L.F. Brakel. The Poems of Hamzah Fansuri. Dordetch: Forish Publication Holland, 1986.

Ernest, Carl W. Words of Ecstasy in Sufism. New York: State University of New York Press, 1985.

Fazeli, Seyyed Ahmad. “Argumentasi Seputar Ineffability (Kualitas Tak Tertuliskannya Pengalaman Mistis).” Kanz Philosophia: a Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 1, no. 1 (2011).

———. Mazhab Ibn ‘Arabi: Mengurai Paradoksalitas Tasybih dan Tanzih. Jakarta: Sadra Press, 2016.

———. “The System of Divine Manifestation in The Ibn ‘Arabian School of Thought.” Kanz Philosophia: a Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 1, no. 2 (2011).

Fenton, Paul B. “Judaism and Sufism.” History of Islamic Philosophy, Volume 1, ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman. London and New York: Routledge, 1995.

Gama, Cipta Bakti. “Reduksionisme Eksplanatif untuk Antropologi Transendental Jawadi Amuli.” Kanz Philosophia: a Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 5, no. 2 (2015): 147–164.

Hadi, Abdul W.M. Hermeneutika, Estetika, dan Religiusitas: Esai-esai Sastra Sufistik dan Seni Rupa. Jakarta: Sadra Press, 2017.

Hamka. Tasawuf dari Abad ke Abad. Jakarta: Pustaka Islam, 1962.

Herawati, Andi. “Concerning Ibn ‘Arabi’s Account of Knowlegde of God (Ma’rifa al-Haqq).” Kanz Philosophia: a Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 3, no. 2 (2013). http://journal.sadra.ac.id/index.php/kanzphilosophia/article/view/49.

Humaidi. “Mystical-Metaphysics: the Type of Islamic Philosophy in Nusantara in the 17th-18th Century.” Jurnal Ushuluddin 27, no. 1 (2019): 90. http://ejournal.uinsuska.ac.id/index.php/ushuludin/article/view/5438.

Inati, Shams C. and Elsayed M.H. Omran. “Al-Junayd on Unification and Its Stages: a Critical Examination.” Digest of Middle East Studies 3, no. 3 (1994): 23–35.

Irawan, Bambang, Ismail Fahmi Arrauf Nasution, and Hywel Coleman. “Applying Ibn ‘Arabī’s Concept of Tajallī: a Sufi Approach to Environmental Ethics.” Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism 10, no. 1 (2021): 21–36. https://journal.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/teosofia/article/view/7204.

Izutsu, Toshihiko. Sufism and Taoism: a Comparative Study of Key Philosophical Concepts. Berkeley, Los Ageles, and London: University of California Press, 1983.

———. The Fundamental Structure of Sabzawari’s Metaphysics. Montreal: McGill University, 1968.

Jabir, Muhammad Nur. “Takwil dalam Pandangan Mulla Sadra.” Kanz Philosophia: a Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 5, no. 1 (2012).

———. Perempuan: Perspektif Tasawuf. Makassar: Rumi Press, 2019.

———. Wahdah al-Wujud Ibn ‘Arabi dan Filsafat Wujud Mulla Sadra. Makassar: Chamran Press, 2012.

Keeler, Annabel. “Wisdom in Controversy.” Journal of Sufi Studies 7, no. 2 (2018): 1–26.

Kerwanto. “Manusia dan Kesempurnaannya (Telaah Psikologi Transendental Mullā Shadrā).” Kanz Philosophia: a Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 5, no. 2 (2015). http://journal.sadra.ac.id/index.php/kanzphilosophia/article/view/136.

———. “Pemikiran Filosofis Sadra dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim: Surah al-A‘la.” Kanz Philosophia: a Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 4, no. 2 (2014): 23–50. http://journal.sadra.ac.id/index.php/kanzphilosophia/article/view/63.

Kilic, Mahmud Erol. “Mysticism.” History of Islamic Philosophy, Volume 2, ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.

Kolis, Nur. “Konstruksi Pemikiran Tasawuf Wujudiyah dalam Naskah Ambulung di Kalimantan Selatan.” Al-A’raf: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam dan Filsafat 17, no. 1 (2020): 169–200.

Massignon, Louis. The Passion of al-Hallaj: Mystic and Martyr of Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Melchert, Christopher. “Origins and Early Sufism.” The Cambridge Companion to Sufism (2014).

Miswari. Wahdat al-Wujud: Konsep Kesatuan Wujud antara Hamba dan Tuhan Menurut Hamzah Fansuri. Yogyakarta: Basabasi, 2018.

———. Filsafat Terakhir. Lhokseumawe: Unimal Press, 2016.

———. “Filosofi Komunikasi Spiritualitas: Huruf Sebagai Simbol Ontologi dalam Mistisme Ibn ’Arabî.” Al-Hikmah 9, no. 14 (2017): 12–30.

———. “Cara Gila Jatuh Cinta: Analisa Qasidah dan Muqataat Mansur al-Hallaj.” Al-Mabhats 4, no. 1 (2019): 51–74.

Mohamad, Goenawan. Tuhan dan Hal-hal yang Tak Selesai. Yogyakarta: Diva Press, 2019.

Mubarok, Frenky. “Relasi antara Tuhan dan Manusia Menurut Pandangan Ibrāhīm al-Kurānī.” Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam 7, no. 1 (2017): 119–145. http://jurnalfuf.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/teosofi/article/view/179.

Nabilata, Lub Liyna. “Kritik Abdurrouf al-Singkili terhadap Paham Wujudiyah dalam Kitab Tarjumanul Mustafid.” Spiritualitas 8, no. 2 (2022): 299–242.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. “Introduction to Mystical Tradition.” History of Islamic Philosophy, Volume 1, ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.

Nasution, Ismail Fahmi Arrauf. “Humanisasi Pendidikan Islam Melalui Antropologi Transendental Hamzah Fansuri.” Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam 12, no. 1 (2017). http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/Edukasia/article/view/2310.

———. “Termination of Wahdatul Wujud in Islamic Civilization in Aceh: Critical Analysis of Ithaf ad-Dhaki, The Works of Ibrahim Kurani.” ADDIN 11, no. 2 (2017). http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/Addin/article/view/3356.

Noer, Kautsar Azhari (ed.). “Al-Risalah fi al-‘Ilm al-Tshawwuf al-Qusyairi.” Warisan Agung Tasawuf: Mengenal Karya Besar Para Sufi. Jakarta: Sadra Press, 2015.

Noer, Kautsar Azhari. “Tasawuf dalam Peradaban Islam: Apresiasi dan Kritik.” Ulumuna 10, no. 2 (2017): 367–390. http://ulumuna.or.id/index.php/ujis/article/view/174.

———. Ibn ‘Arabi: Wahdat al-Wujud dalam Perdebatan. Jakarta: Paramadina, 1995.

Rusdiana, A. “Pemikiran Ahmad Tafsir Tentang Manajemen Pembentuk Insan Kamil.” At-Tarbawi: Jurnal Kajian Kependidikan Islam 2, no. 2 (2017). http://ejournal.iainsurakarta.ac.id/index.php/at-tarbawi/article/view/978.

Saifuddin, Ahmad. Psikologi Agama: Implementasi Psikologi untuk Memahami Perilaku Agama. Jakarta: Kencana, 2019.

Saliyo. “Selayang Pandang Harmonisasi Spiritual Sufi dalam Psikologi Agama.” Psikoislamika: Jurnal Psikologi dan Psikologi Islam 11, no. 2 (2014): 5–11. http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/psiko/article/view/6383.

Setiawan, Cucu, Santi Yulianti, Abdul Wasik, and Maulani Maulani. “Konsep Wahdat al-Wujud dan Wahdat al-Syuhud Menurut Syekh Yusuf al-Makasari.” El-Afkar 11, no. 2 (2022).

Shah, Ainul Abidin. “Epistemologi Sufi: Perspektif al-Hakim al-Tirmidzi.” Kanz Philosophia: a Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 2, no. 1 (2012). http://journal.sadra.ac.id/index.php/kanzphilosophia/article/view/28.

Siregar, Rivay. Dari Sufisme Klasik ke Neo-Sufisme. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2002.

Solihin and Rosihon Anwar. Ilmu Tasawuf. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2008.

Yazdi, Mehdi Haeri. The Principles of Epistemology in Islamic Phlosophy: Knowledge by Presence. New York: State University of New York Press, 1992.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v17i1.17228

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 ADDIN

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

situs toto